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Search for "CHAETOMIUM": 57 articles found in Index.

KUBÁTOVÁ A. (2006): Chaetomium in the Czech Republic and notes to three new records.   [Ascomycota, pyrenomycetes, Sordariales, Chaetomium, microfungi]  Czech Mycology 58(3-4): 155-171   (published: 29th December, 2006)
  abstract   Chaetomium (Ascomycota, Sordariales, Chaetomiaceae) is a species-rich genus, with about 100 currently accepted species. Data on the occurrence of Chaetomium species in the Czech Republic were not yet summarised; this paper is the first attempt. So far, 14 Chaetomium species were published from the area of the Czech Republic. The author presents new records of three other Chaetomium (C. aureum, C. madrasense, and C. robustum) isolated from various substrates in the Czech Republic. Short descriptions and photographs are included.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1976): Comparison between the occurrence of Chaetomium Kunze ex Fries on free-living mammals and birds.  Česká Mykologie 30(3-4): 200-206   (published: 1976)
  abstract   Fungi of the genus Chaetomium were isolated from 12.5% of 568 small mammals and 52.9% of 51 birds in Yugoslavia. Morphological adaptations of Chaetomium perithecia suggest birds may play a more significant role in dissemination than mammals.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1975): Dispersal of fungi of the family Chaetomiaceae by free-living birds. II. Ecological aspects.  Česká Mykologie 29(1): 46-58   (published: 1975)
  abstract   The seasonal occurrence of Chaetomiaceae on bird feathers and in nests was evaluated using statistical methods. Factors such as bird age, sex, nesting materials, and nest content influence fungal prevalence. While cellulose and keratin are key substrates, humidity and pH are less critical. The ecological homogeneity of Chaetomium species was confirmed through association analysis.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1974): Dispersal of fungi of the family Chaetomiaceae by free-living birds. I. A survey of records.  Česká Mykologie 28(2): 65-79   (published: 15th May, 1974)
  abstract   Feathers of 502 free-living birds and 367 birds’ nests from Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia were examined for the presence of Chaetomiaceae. These fungi were found in 53% of feather samples and in 36% of nests; among 89 examined bird species, 62 tested positive. A statistically significant difference was observed in the frequency of Chaetomiaceae on feathers (0.93 isolates per sample) versus nests (0.42 isolates). Only two genera were found: Chaetomium (12 species) and Chaetomidium (2 species). Common species included Chaetomium globosum, C. funicolum, C. murorum, C. indicum, C. cochliodes, and C. bostrychodes; less frequent were C. elatum and C. olivaceum; rare were C. crispatum, C. ochraceum, C. reflexum, C. spirale, Chaetomidium fimeti, and C. subfimeti. Several species were recorded in Czechoslovakia for the first time.

SAXENA A.S., MUKERJI K.G. (1973): Fungi of Delhi. XVI. Further additions to Indian species of Chaetomium.  Česká Mykologie 27(3): 162-164   (published: 1973)
  abstract   Three coprophilous ascomycetes previously unrecorded in India—Kernia geniculotricha, Microascus manginii, and Podospora tetraspora—are described. Their morphology and growth characteristics are provided, and their isolation methods are detailed.

SETH H.K. (1969): Studies on the genus Chaetomium. V. Morphological studies.  Česká Mykologie 23(2): 129-134   (published: 1969)
  abstract   The perithecium development of fifteen species of Chaetomium has been studied. The majority followed either the Chaetomium globosum or the C. brasiliense patterns of development, as described by Whiteside (1957). However, C. tenuissimum, C. torulosum, C. funicola and C. quadrangulatum were more variable and exhibited some features of C. globosum and some of C. brasiliense. Production of mycelial is not restricted to the C. brasiliense group. This indicates that Whiteside’s suggested division of the genus into two groups is not justifiable.

SETH H.K. (1969): The genus Chaetomium in Wales.  Česká Mykologie 23(1): 61-64   (published: 1969)
  abstract   A survey of Chaetomium species in Wales resulted in the identification of eleven species, of which C. gracile, C. fusisporale and C. cuniculorum are new to the British records.

SVRČEK M. (1963): Les Ascomycčtes isolées du sol et du bois par la méthode de H. et S. Krzemieniewski.  Česká Mykologie 17(3): 134-140   (published: 10th July, 1963)

SVRČEK M. (1958): Pyrenomycetes novi vel rariori Čechoslovakiae.  Česká Mykologie 12(3): 143-150   (published: 20th July, 1958)

PACLT J. (1954): Mykoflora zapařeného bukového dřeva.  Česká Mykologie 8(2): 77-82   (published: 28th May, 1954)

GRISHKAN I., TEMINA M. (2023): Diversity of microfungal communities inside saxicolous lichens from Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel.   [endolichenic fungi, lichen thallus, melanised fungi, microclimatic contrast, rock surface.]  Czech Mycology 75(1): 15-34   (published: 28th March, 2023)   Electronic supplement
  abstract   In this study, we examined the endolichenic fungal communities of saxicolous lichens covering the rocks in the Nahal Oren valley, northern Israel. A total of 60 fungal species belonging to 35 genera were isolated from six lichen species collected in the summer and winter on the south-facing slope (SFS) and north-facing slope (NFS) of the valley. We verified that rocks serve as a possible source for the formation of endolichenic communities because communities colonising lichen thalli and the rock surface shared 39% of species and clustered together on the SFS. On the NFS, with a comparatively favourable microclimate, lichen thalli abundantly harboured typical soil fungi such as Clonostachys rosea and Fusarium spp. in winter and summer, respectively. At the same time, more severe environmental conditions on the SFS facilitated the prevalence of melanised fungi with thick-walled and multicellular spores irrespective of season. The lowest species richness and isolate densities of endolichenic communities were registered in the thalli of Collema cristatum. This decrease, especially expressed in the summer, was probably associated with the antifungal effect of substances produced by its cyanobiont, as well as with the heavy dehydration of thalli during the dry season.

BHAVANA N.S., PRAKASH H.S., NALINI M.S. (2019): Antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials of fungal endophytes from Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), an ethnomedicinal species of Western Ghats.   [India, endophytic fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum, antioxidant, L-asparaginase, phenolic content.]  Czech Mycology 71(2): 187-203   (published: 19th December, 2019)
  abstract   This study focuses on the isolation and molecular characterisation of fungal endophytes from an ethnomedicinal plant, Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), and an evaluation of antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials. Fungal endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem parts of R. densiflora collected from the site of Talacauvery, Western Ghats, India. The highest colonisation frequency was found in leaves (95.5%), followed by stem parts (63.5%). A total of 19 fungal morphotypes belonging to 11 genera were identified by analysing the ITS sequences of the endophytes. The strains were screened for asparaginase production by qualitative plate assay and quantification by Nesslerisation. Maximum activity was recorded in the Penicillium chrysogenum culture (3.77 IU/ml). Submerged fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were carried out to obtain secondary metabolites for the evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidative potentials. The TPC of fungal extracts ranged from 12.37 to 89.29 mg GAE/g dry extract and the IC value of scavenging activity from 26.64 to 547.23 μg/ml. The P. chrysogenum strain 50 (MH392736) was found to have the potentially highest total phenolic content and a high antioxidant capacity. This is the first report on the characterisation of fungal endophytes from R. densiflora and their antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials.

LYTVYNENKO YU.I., DZHAGAN V.V., TOPCHII I.V., SHCHERBAKOVA YU.V. (2018): Dung-inhabiting ascomycetes from the Ukrainian Carpathians   [Ascomycota, Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, coprophilous fungi, Pezizomycotina, Schizothecium dakotense, Sordaria lappae]  Czech Mycology 70(2): 145-167   (published: 20th November, 2018)
  abstract   The paper provides data on dung-inhabiting ascomycetes which were collected in 2015 during a mycological survey in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (Rakhiv District, Zakarpattya Region).Twenty-five species belonging to the Pezizomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Dothideomycetes and Leotiomycetes were found, 19 of which were new to the Ukrainian Carpathians. Schizothecium dakotense and Sordaria lappae were collected in Ukraine for the first time. Substrates, localities, data on general distribution and some taxonomic notes to these species are presented. The species new to Ukraine are described, and interesting finds are illustrated.

MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt.   [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS]  Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32   (published: 26th January, 2018)
  abstract   The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).

ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri.   [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism]  Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22   (published: 10th April, 2015)
  abstract   Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.

ONDRÁČKOVÁ E., ONDŘEJ M., PROKINOVÁ E., NESRSTA M. (2013): Mycoparasitic fungi reducing the incidence and virulence of Bipolaris sorokiniana.   [mycoparasitic activity, mycoparasitic fungi, Clonostachys, Trichoderma, Bipolaris sorokiniana]  Czech Mycology 65(1): 103-112   (published: 10th June, 2013)
  abstract   The mycoparasitic efficiency of 28 strains/isolates of Clonostachys rosea f. rosea and Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata against the pathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana was determined in dual cultures on Czapek-Dox nutrient agar. Strains with low and medium efficiency were antagonistically inhibited by B. sorokiniana, and inhibitory zones were formed between the colonies of both fungi. The mycelium of Clonostachys strains with high efficiency overgrew and degraded B. sorokiniana colonies without formation of an inhibitory zone. In dual cultures, Trichoderma sp. and the most effective Clonostachys strains degraded B. sorokiniana colonies within 3 to 5 and 12 to 15 days, respectively.When rye seeds were treated with a mixture of C. rosea f. rosea, Trichoderma sp. and B. sorokiniana, development of B. sorokiniana on both seeds and seedlings was reduced when compared with a B. sorokiniana treatment. The treatment of rye seeds with Clonostachys and Trichoderma had a positive effect on seed germination and seedling length.

SAWMYA K., VASUDEVAN T.G., MURALI T.S. (2013): Fungal endophytes from two orchid species - pointer towards organ specificity.   [fungal endophytes, environment, orchids, Bulbophyllum neilgherrense, Pholidota pallida]  Czech Mycology 65(1): 89-101   (published: 10th June, 2013)
  abstract   Fungal endophytes may influence plant communities by altering the host’s fitness either positively or negatively. Little is known, however, about their host/organ specificity, life style and role in plantfungus symbiosis under varying environmental conditions. We compared the leaf and root endophyte assemblages of two orchids (Bulbophyllum neilgherrense and Pholidota pallida) from natural forests and greenhouse conditions. Xylariaceae species were consistently associated with leaf and root tissues, while Guignardia and Pestalotiopsis were found predominantly in the leaf tissues of both orchids. Correspondence analysis of the endophyte assemblages showed that the endophytes exhibited distinct organ but little host specificity. More endophytes were shared by the two different orchids growing in the same location when compared to endophyte assemblages of a single orchid from different locations. Considering the influence of endophytes in shaping the host’s community, diverse habitats must be screened vigorously to address questions regarding the role of endophytes in hostendophyte interactions.

TALIGOOLA H.K., ISMAIL M.A., CHEBON S.K. (2011): Mycobiota and aflatoxins associated with imported rice grains stored in Uganda.   [rice grain, xerophilic fungi, nephrotoxigenic penicillia, Fusarium, aflatoxins]  Czech Mycology 63(1): 93-107   (published: 10th August, 2011)
  abstract   Milled rice grains imported into Uganda from Pakistan were investigated for natural contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. The direct plating method using five isolation media was used to enumerate and isolate the fungi during a 270-day storage period. Fungi were isolated and identified to species level and the percentage contamination levels were calculated. A total of 35 species belonging to 16 genera were recorded. The broadest species spectrum were found in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotium and Fusarium, which were represented by 11, 7, 4, and 3 species, respectively. Throughout the storage period, xerophilic fungi including Aspergillus candidus, Eurotium amstelodami and E. chevalieri were predominantly isolated. Species of the genus Penicillium (particularly P. pinophilum) and its teleomorph Talaromyces ranked second in predominance, while Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. and other field fungi occurred only sporadically. Aflatoxins were recorded in rice samples during most storage periods with one sample recording 20–50 ppb. The moisture content increased in rice grains attaining values of over 14 % from the 180th day of storage onwards. A positive correlation was observed between moisture content and incidence of xerophiles, including A. candidus and E. amstelodami.

ABDULLAH S.K., MONFORT E., ASENSIO L., SALINAS J., LOPEZ LLORCA L.V., JANSSON H.B. (2010): Soil mycobiota of date palm plantations in Elche, SE Spain.   [soil saprotrophic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi, Phoenix dactylifera, isolation methods]  Czech Mycology 61(2): 149-162   (published: 10th August, 2010)
  abstract   The mycobiota of soil from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plantations in Elche, SE Spain was examined using 23 soil samples and five isolation methods. One hundred and nineteen species assigned to 67 genera were isolated. The most frequent species were in decreasing order: Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Neosartorya spinosa, Thielaviopsis punctulata, Chaetomium bostrychodes, Gilmaniella macrospora, Aspergillus candidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus microsporus, Sordaria fimicola, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium murorum, Fusarium solani, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium citrinum and Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The thermotolerant and thermophilic species of Malbranchea cinnamomea, Myriococcum thermophilum, Rhizomucor miehei, Scytalidium thermophilum, Talaromyces emersonii, Thermoascus aurantiacus and Thermomyces lanuginosus were detected in various frequencies of occurrence. Our findings are compared with those from a similar survey of soil from date palm plantations in Iraq. Our study indicates that there is no characteristic mycobiota for soil in date palm plantations except for the more frequent isolation of some species well known as pathogens on date palm.

JANKOWIAK R., ROSSA R., MIŚTA K. (2007): Survey of fungal species vectored by Ips cembrae to European larch trees in Raciborskie forests (Poland).   [ophiostomatoid fungi, Ips cembrae, Larix decidua, fungi associated with bark beetles]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 227-239   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   The species composition of fungi associated with Ips cembrae was studied in the Raciborskie forests, Poland. The fungi were isolated from overwintered adults, larvae, new adults and from galleries at various stages of development. The results showed that there was a great diversity of fungi associated with this insect. We isolated 2877 cultures, including 61 species. The most important group of fungi were ophiostomatoid species. From these, Ceratocystis laricicola, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and Graphium laricis were commonly detected, whereas eight other species occurred less frequently or sporadically. Ophiostoma ips is documented here as a new associate of I. cembrae. Ceratocystis laricicola was shown to be the primary invader occurring most frequently at early stages of brood development, particularly in the sapwood. Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and G. laricis were secondary invaders following C. laricicola. In the later stages of brood development other ophiostomatoid fungi appeared.

LYSKOVÁ P. (2007): Saprotrophic microscopic fungi and dermatophytes accompanying infections of the skin and nails of patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic).   [saprotrophic microscopic fungi, dermatophytes, superficial mycose, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis]  Czech Mycology 59(1): 125-137   (published: 28th June, 2007)
  abstract   Over a 19-month period, the spectrum of saprotrophic microscopic fungi isolated from 245 patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic) was analysed. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi were isolated from nails (90 %) and skin (10 %). None was isolated from hair. The material was the most frequently positive for the presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (32.6 %) followed by Cladosporium sphaerospermum (5.3 %), Aspergillus versicolor (4.0 %), Geomyces pannorum (4.0 %) and others.Dermatophytes and saprotrophic microscopic fungi were both studied within one year and represented 1110 isolates. Dermatophytes were isolated in most of the cases and represented 943 isolations (85 %). The saprotrophic microscopic fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a known causative agent of onychomycosis. In the evaluation including dermatophytes it ended in the 3rd position with 5.2 % of isolations behind Trichophyton rubrum (80 %) and T. mentagrophytes (8 %).

VAŠUTOVÁ M. (2006): Preliminary checklist of the genus Psathyrella in the Czech Republic and Slovakia.   [Czech Republic, Slovakia, Psathyrellaceae, Psathyrella, diversity, ecology, taxonomy]  Czech Mycology 58(1-2): 1-30   (published: 10th August, 2006)
  abstract   A list of 53 Psathyrella species (Psathyrellaceae, Agaricales) known from the area of the Czech and the Slovak Republics is presented. Species names are completed with references to selected descriptions and illustrations in literature, distribution and ecology in the studied area and a list of specimens examined by the author. The main problems in Psathyrella taxonomy and possibility of further species records are outlined.

Colloquium „Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - III“ Olomouc, Czech Republic, 2 September 2005.  Czech Mycology 57(3-4): 307-323   (published: 10th February, 2006)
  abstract   The colloquium was a continuation of the previous scientific meetings that took place in Olomouc in 1999 and 2002 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000 and 55: 103-149, 2003). It was organised by the Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The aim of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on experimental mycology in all branches of basic and applied research. Besides two plenary lectures, 8 short communications and 8 posters were presented. In total 32 researchers from the Czech and Slovak Republics took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further development of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

HASHEM M. (2004): Biological control of two phytopathogenic fungal species isolated from the rhizoplane of soybean (Glycine max).   [biological control, soybean, Macrophominaphaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani]  Czech Mycology 56(3-4): 223-238   (published: 22nd December, 2004)
  abstract   Two hundred isolates representing 31 fungal species (20 genera) were recovered from soybean roots. Samples were collected from 12 localities at 3 different growth stages of the crop. The most dominant species were Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani (Nectria haematococca), Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests have proved the ability of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani to infect soybean roots and produce the symptoms of damping-off and root-rot diseases.The efficacy of three antagonists (Trichodermaharzianum, Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyceslilacinus) as well as two organic compounds (Strom and F-760) was evaluated as to their control of pathogenic fungi . Biocontrol fungi significantly suppressed Macrophominaphaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in vivo. Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyces lilacinus suppressed the growth of the pathogens by producing an inhibition zone while Trichoderma harzianum suppressed them by overgrowing. Strom and F-760 showed lower reduction effect of diseases in comparison with the antagonists.

UDAYA PRAKASH N.K., VITTAL B.P.R. (2003): Aerometric study on thermophilous fungi in a farm house, Chennai.   [airborne fungi, Andersen 2-stagesampler, occupational environment, respirable fraction, India]  Czech Mycology 55(3-4): 253-259   (published: 22nd December, 2003)
  abstract   A survey on airborne thermophilous fungi at a farmhouse in Chennai, India was made using an Andersen 2-stage viable sampler for the period from January 1997 to December 1997 at fortnight intervals. A total of 582 colonies belonging to 17 species were recorded. The species Emericella nidulans was dominant with an average of 60.2 CFU/m³ of air followed by Aspergillus fumigatus and Thermomyces lanuginosus with 34.7 CFU/m³ of air and 32.2 CFU/m³ of air, respectively. The total respirable fraction recorded was 58.4 %.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., PIŽL V. (2003): Mycoflora in the intestine of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and in vermiculture substrates.   [cattle manure, saprotrophic and cellulolytic microfungi, earthworms]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 83-102   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Mycoflora of three commercial vermiculture systems based on cattle manure derived sub­ strates and Eisenia andrei earthworms was studied using several isolation methods. A total of 172 taxa of saprotrophic micromycetes were isolated (19 taxa of Zygomycetes, 9 taxa of Ascomycetes and 144 taxa of mitosporic fungi). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent microfungal species in the intestine of Eisenia andrei. In vermicuture substrates, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were among species isolated very frequently by the soil dilution method, while Rhizopus stolonifer was estimated as frequent species using the soil washing isolation technique.

NOVOTNÝ D. (2003): A comparison of two methods for the study of microscopic fungi associated with oak roots.   [Quercus robur, oakdecline, Czech Republic, mycobiota, ophiostomatoid fungi]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 73-82   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Roots of four trees with symptoms of oak decline and roots of one healthy tree of Quercus robur were examined for the presence of fungi by using two methods (moist chambe rmethod and strong surface sterilisation method). Forty-five species were isolated in this project. Significant differences in composition of mycobiota based on the used method were detected. Fusarium solani, F. proliferatum, Sphaerostilbella aureonitens, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pénicillium simplicissimum, P. purpurogenumvar. rubrisclerotium, Trichodermaviride, Ophiostomapiceae s.l. and Pénicillium glandicola were the most frequent fungi isolated by the moist chamber method. Cryptosporiopsis radicicola, dark sterile mycelium sp. 1, Cylindrocarpon destructans, ChaetomiuM globosum, Cylindrocarpon didymum, Pénicillium simplicissimum and Trichoderma koningii were dominant species observed by the method of strong surface sterilisation.

KUNERT J., NĚMEC M. (2003): Doc. RNDr. Zdeněk Hubálek sexagenarian.  Czech Mycology 54(3-4): 273-278   (published: 23rd May, 2003)

HÝSEK J., BROŽOVÁ J. (2001): The role of some saprophytic micromycetes and fungus Micromucor ramannianus var. ramannianus in forest soil.   [humic horizon, soil fungi, saprophytic micromycetes, Micromucorramannianusvar. ramannianus, biological soil functions, respiration, ammonification, nitrification]  Czech Mycology 53(2): 161-171   (published: 20th February, 2002)
  abstract   Different saprophytic micromycetes were isolated from the humic horizon (H-A 02) of different types of forest soils (barren l and of reforested waste dumps, cambisol of spruce, birch, European mountain ash, and blue spruce forests) in several areas (at Most in the Krušné hory (Ore Mts.), Jizerské hory (Izera Mts.)). Besides the spectrum of common species of soil micromycetes (Penicillium spp., Humicola spp., Trichoderma spp., Paecilomyces spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Aureobasidium spp., Mucor spp., Absidia spp.), the fungus Micromucor ramannianus (Möller) Arx var. ramannianus (Mortierella ramanniana (Möller) Linneman, Mucor ramannianus Möller) was regularly isolated from all types of soils, except barren soils of was te dumps. The biological quality of forest soils in connection with other biological characteristics was evaluated in relation to the presence and quantity of this fungus in forest soils. Basic biological processes (basal and potential respiration, ammonification, nitrification) show an increased intensity in forest soils in which the proportion of Micromucorramannianus v. ramannianus was not present in the soil of the worst biological quality (lower values of biological soil parameters), e.g. in of was te dumps. It is a topic for discussion whe the r this fungus can also be an indicator of environmental pollution.

MOSTAFA M.E., ZOHRI A.A., KOTBY R.S. (2001): Lipid, sterol and ergosterol accumulation in isolates of dematiaceous Hyphomycetes.   [Lipid, sterol, ergosterol, dematiaceous hyphomycetes]  Czech Mycology 53(2): 149-159   (published: 20th February, 2002)
  abstract   Mycelial dry weight, lipid and sterol contents of fungi tested varied with fungalgenus, species and even with isolate of one species. Their dry mass fluctuated between lll.6±l0.7-457.0±41.5 mg/50 ml medium. Lipids, sterols and ergosterol accumulated by the isolates tested ranged from 4.52±0.5-29.04±2.76%, 1.23±0.16-10.63±l.24% and 0.43±0.057-7.13±0.695% of their dry mass, respectively. Cochliobolus spicifer isolate No. 35 was the highest lipid-producer while Ulocladium atrum No. 90 proved to be superior in the production of sterols and ergosterol. TLC technique and chemical analysis of lipid classes produced by U. atrium No. 90 revealed that the lipid fractions are composed of free sterols, free fatty acids, sterol esters, glycolipids, phospholipids and squalene.

GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., PRILLINGER H. (2000): Root mycoflora of pepper (Capsicum annuum) antagonistic to Verticillium dahliae.   [Frequency of root fungi, Verticillium dahliae, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrothecium verrucaria, Trichoderma harzianum, pepper seed germination]  Czech Mycology 52(3): 219-226   (published: 7th December, 2000)
  abstract   Thirty-two species belonging to 19 genera of fungi were collected from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of pepper plants. The fungal colonies were characterised using classical morphological methods following identification keys. The most frequently isolated fungi were Chaetomiumglobosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium roseum, Mucor racemosus, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. expansum and Trichoderma harzianum. The crude culture filtrate of Verticillium dahliae at 100% concentration caused sharp decrease in pepper seed germination. Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Trichoderma harzianum produced a metabolite that retarded radial growth of Verticillium dahliae.

ANTONÍN V., VÁGNER A. (2000): Type specimens of fungi preserved in the Herbarium of the Moravian Museum in Brno, Czech Republic (BRNM).   [type specimens, herbarium, Moravian museum, Brno]  Czech Mycology 52(1): 51-68   (published: 21st January, 2000)
  abstract   A list of type specimens of fungi preserved in the herbarium of the Moravian Museum in Brno, Czech Republic containing 351 items is published.

GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., ABDELZAHER H.M.A. (1999): Isolation of fungi from tomato rhizosphere and evaluation of the effect of some fungicides and biological agents on the production of cellulase enzymes by Nectria haematococca and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum.   [Biologicalcontrol, root-rot, fungicides Nectria haematococca, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum]  Czech Mycology 51(2-3): 157-170   (published: 25th May, 1999)
  abstract   Forty-five species and two species varieties belonging to twenty-six genera of fungi were isolated from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The fungi most frequently isolated were Aspergillus flavus, A.fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Gibberella fujikuroi, Nectria haematococca and Rhizopus stolonifer. Ridomil and Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) had no significant effects on the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes of Nectria haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but slightly decreased at 100ppm. Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) significantly decreased Cl enzyme activities of N. haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but at 100 ppm it showed a slightly inhibitory effect. Ridomil caused a slight increase in the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes by Pythium ultimum var. ultimum at low and moderate doses but the highest dose of Ridomil caused a slight reduction. Vitavax-captan slightly increased the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes in P. ultimum var. ultimum. Normal and sterilised filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum induced a small decrease in Cl enzyme activity of Nectria haematococca. The sterilised filtrates of the three fungi tested caused greater inhibition compared to the normal filtrate. The production of Cₓ enzyme was slightly increased with normal and sterilised filtrates of Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum, but was significantly increased by both types of filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria. The two types of filtrate of all fungi tested did not significantly affect the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes by lithium ultimum var. ultimum. Production of extracellular protein by Nectria haematococca was not significantly affected by any dose of the tested fungi cides. It was slightly increased by the two types of filtrate of the three tested fungi but significantly increased by the normal filtrate of Myrothecium verrucaria. The normal filtrate of all the fungi tested enhanced extracellular protein production to a greater extent than the sterilised filtrate. Extracellular proteins of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum were slightly increased by all doses of Vitavax-captan and low doses only of Ridomil, also two types of filtrate of all tested fungi caused a slightly increasing effect.

REINPRECHT L. (1998): Loss of antifungal activity of selected fungicides in treated wood due to natural ageing. Part 1: Activity against moulds.   [2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole, organotin fungicides, beechwood, natural ageing, moulds]  Czech Mycology 50(4): 249-258   (published: 12th July, 1998)
  abstract   The activity of 2-thiocyanomethylthiobenzothiazole (TCMTB) and selected organotin com­ pounds (OTC = TBTO, TBTS, TBTCA and TBT-DEDTK) against moulds was evaluated by means of mycologicaltestsin which treated and subsequently naturally aged beechwood samples were exposed to the effect of a mixture of six moulds under laboratory conditions. Natural ageing of the treated samples took place under an angle of 45’, and during periods of 0, 2 or 4 months. TCMTB was characterized as the relatively most stable fungicide with antimould activity.

NASSER L., ABDEL-SATER M.A. (1997): Fungi associated with sheep hairs in Saudi Arabia.   [Keratinophilic, non-keratinophilic fungi, sheep hairs]  Czech Mycology 50(2): 99-106   (published: 16th December, 1997)
  abstract   The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 25 hair samples of nine kinds of sheep, collected from different localities in Saudi Arabia, was estimated using three isolation methods at 28°C. Fortyfive species and one variety representing 23 genera were isolated and the most common genera were Chrysosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The most prevalent species of the above genera were C. indicum, C. tropicum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. oxalicum. Other fungi were also isolated with variable frequencies.

RÉBLOVÁ M., SVRČEK M. (1997): New records of Pyrenomycetes from the Czech Republic I.   [new records, lignicolous, herbaceous and coprophilous Pyrenomycetes, Czech Republic]  Czech Mycology 49(3-4): 193-206   (published: 23rd May, 1997)
  abstract   A list of 10 lignicolous, herbaceous and coprophilous Pyrenomycetes, Antennularia salisburgensis (Niessl) Höhn., Cryptodiaporthe aesculi (Fuckel) Petrak, Enchnoa subcorticalis (Peck) Barr, Gnomonia comari P. Karst., Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops (Berk, et Curtis) Hawksw., Kriegeriella mirabilis Höhn., Massaria pyri Otth, Nitschkia cupularis (Fr.: Fr.) P. Karst., Pleophragmia leporum Fuckel and Valsaria foedans (P. Karst.) Sacc., collected in the Czech Republic for the first time is presented. All of them occur rarely and the lignicolous species Enchnoa subcorticalis so far known only from North America was collected in Europe for the first time. Descriptions, illustrations and taxonomical and ecological notes are added. The systematic position of these species is arranged according to the system suggested by Eriksson and Hawksworth (1993).

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1995): Micromycetes in archives and book depositories in the Czech Republic.   [Micromycetes, archives, allergies, Czech Republic]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 77-86   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   Species representation of micromycetes and their frequency were studied in the period 1981-1988 in four archives in Prague and near Prague and in one depository in West Bohemia. Representants of genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus isolated by sediment plate method and from the surfaces of the archive depots were the most frequent in all observed spaces. The higher number of the most frequent species was always found in older and for the archive purposes less convenient buildings, while inside the new building the number of the most frequent species was very low. In suitable conditions only a limited number of species for which the given specific conditions are convenient, act as destructive. They are mostly Penicillium which form coherent growing covers on the backs of the books and cartons. Spores of these fungi released by their growth contaminate the atmosphere of these spaces and can cause allergies in sensitive persons.

JESENSKÁ Z., PIECKOVÁ E. (1995): Heat-resistant fungi.   [Heat resistance, fungi]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 73-76   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   The survival of fungi from soil samples has been investigated after temperature of 60, 70, 80 and 90"C in Sabouraud agar. The number of isolated propagules and species had significantly different quantities. The heat-resistant fungi are an economically and scientifically important group of fungi and represent a matter for further investigation.

JESENSKÁ Z., PIECKOVÁ E., BERNÁT D. (1993): Relationships of heat resistant micromycetes from soil to sucrose, natrium chloride and pH.  Česká Mykologie 46(3-4): 263-271   (published: 25th August, 1993)
  abstract   Numbers of colonies of micromycetes, which had been isolated from three soil samples, exposed to 80 'C heat for 60 minutes in Sabouraud agar, were counted. The pH of the agar varied (from 4 to 8), and sucrose (10-50 %), or natrium chloride (2-8 %) were incorporated in the agar. The most resistant germs in the experiment seemed to be the ones of Talaromyces avellaneus (Thom & Turesson) C. R. Benjamin which were present in the soil. The germs of Eupenlcillium baamense (van Beyma) Stolk & Scott were relatively equally sensitive to the experimental conditions as the germs of the Neosartorya físcheri (Wehmer) Malloch & Cain.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1989): Soil micromycetes from Czechoslovakia - a list of isolated species with bibliography. II.  Česká Mykologie 43(4): 235-243   (published: 17th November, 1989)
  abstract   A list of micromycetes (saprophytic, keratinophilic, rhizosphere, nematophagous, ovicidal, dermatophytes, and cellular slime moulds) isolated from various Czechoslovak soils is presented. The paper includes distribution data and literature citations for each species. It is the second installment of the series and documents a wide variety of fungi, including Chaetomium species and other frequently encountered genera.

FASSATIOVÁ O., KUBÁTOVÁ A., PRÁŠIL K., VÁŇOVÁ M. (1987): Microscopical fungi in archive environment.  Česká Mykologie 41(1): 8-15   (published: 16th February, 1987)
  abstract   One new genus, Amicodisca (typified by Dasyscypha brdensis Vel.) and six new species are described: Albotricha lupini, Ciliolarina corcontica, Cystopezizella cupulincola, Hamatocanthoscypha acericola, Hyaloscypha cupularum, and Orbilia ebuli. One new combination (Phaeohelotium terrestre) is proposed.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1986): The occurrence of microscopic fungi in air of the building of the Czechoslovak Acadeny of Sciences in České Budějovice.  Česká Mykologie 40(1): 19-29   (published: 7th February, 1986)
  abstract   68 species of microscopic fungi were isolated from the air in the building of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in České Budějovice. 16 species were opportunistic, 12 allergenic, and 13 mycotoxin producers. 8 species were reported as air-borne fungi in literature.

ČAČA Z. (1982): Present trends in the world phytopathological research.  Česká Mykologie 36(2): 65-71   (published: 15th May, 1982)
  abstract   Vararia granulosa (Fr.) Laurila is a name which cannot be applied to the fungus for which it is now commonly used. Fries (1838, 1874) considered the element representing our Vararia only a marginal part of his broad concept of Grandinia granulosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. As there is no legitimate name for the fungus in question, Vararia borealis Pouz. spec. nov. is proposed for it here.

PŘÍHODA A. (1982): The fungi on rotting plant matter of tobacco.  Česká Mykologie 36(1): 40-44   (published: 1982)
  abstract   Three species of fungi were found on rotting plant matter of tobacco in the following succession: 1. Botryotrichum pilulijerum Sacc. et March., Mucor racemosus Fres., Iodophanus carneus (Pers. ex Pers.) Korf in Kimbrough et Korf.

FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J., RUBEŠ M. (1979): Otomycoses and mycoflora of otitides.  Česká Mykologie 33(4): 229-236   (published: 1979)
  abstract   With one third of the patients suffering from otitis there occur microscopic fungi in the ear swabs, but they can be considered agents of the disease in approximately one half of the positive findings only. During the last 15 years, fungi were cultivated from the ear swabs of 472 patients with various ear diseases, mostly otitis externa. The most frequent yeasts in otomycoses were Candida parapsilosis and C. albicans, while the most frequent Aspergillus species were A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger. Clinical pictures and treatment of some external otitides are briefly mentioned.

HUBÁLEK Z., ROSICKÝ B., OTČENÁŠEK M. (1979): Fungi on the hair of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.  Česká Mykologie 33(2): 81-93   (published: 1979)
  abstract   A new record of dry rot fungus Serpula lacrimans (Wulf. ex Fr.) Schroet. on the trunk bases of two living trees of Norway Spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Botanical Garden in Průhonice near Prague is described. Differences between Serpula lacrimans and Serpula himantioides (Fr. ex Fr.) Karst. and the phytopathological significance of the new record are discussed.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1978): Soil micromycetes in abandoned fields in Bohemian Karst.  Česká Mykologie 32(4): 226-234   (published: 1978)
  abstract   An analysis of soil micromycetes in two abandoned fields in the Bohemian Karst during 1976–1977 revealed 64 species in the younger field (7 years) and 50 in the older (50 years). Dominant species in both were: Penicillium albidum, Fusarium solani, Humicola grisea, Absidia cylindrospora, and Mortierella sp. (section Polycephala). The best isolation method used nylon gauze buried in soil.

KREJZOVÁ R. (1976): Ultrastructure of conidia of Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus (Wize) Brown et Smith isolated from Zoothermopsis sp.  Česká Mykologie 30(2): 110-114   (published: 1976)
  abstract   Keratinolytic fungi in bird nests are influenced by nest moisture. Species richness and isolation frequency of Chaetomium decline with higher humidity. Literature on moisture tolerance in fungi is reviewed, emphasizing ecological and physiological aspects.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1976): Occurrence of keratinolytic fungi in nests of Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus L.) in relation to the to the substrate moisture.  Česká Mykologie 30(2): 106-109   (published: 1976)
  abstract   The brown rust infecting Agropyrum species in Czechoslovakia consists of two ecologically and morphologically distinct units, proposed as Puccinia persistens subsp. persistens var. persistens and subsp. agropyrina comb. nov. Rust on wheat is treated as var. triticina.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1975): Dispersal of fungi of the family Chaetomiceae by free-living birds. III. Remarks on dispersal mechanisms.  Česká Mykologie 29(3): 179-183   (published: 1975)
  abstract   The paper discusses epiornithochory, the dispersal of Chaetomium fungi by birds. Two morphological groups with distinctive perithecial hairs are adapted for attachment to feathers. Several species were recovered from migratory birds, supporting long-distance dispersal via epizoochory.

HEJTMÁNEK M., HEJTMÁNKOVÁ N., KUNERT J. (1973): On the occurrence of geophilic dermatophytes in Asia.  Česká Mykologie 27(3): 159-161   (published: 1973)
  abstract   Three species of Chaetomium—C. brasiliense, C. incomptum, and C. rectangulare—are reported from India for the first time. They were isolated during studies of coprophilous fungi near Delhi and identified through morphological comparisons with original descriptions and specimens.

FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J. (1973): „Graphiosis“- eine neue Erkrankung des Menschen?  Česká Mykologie 27(2): 98-106   (published: 1973)
  abstract   Part of the resting spores of E. virulenta, E. thaxteriana, and E. destruens germinate still after 72 hours of treatment with concentrated ajatin. A culture 14 days old may furnish a viable inoculum after being submerged in concentrated ajatin for 96 hours. The resting spores of all three species are at optimum state in a 14 days old culture, or during the first two months, stored at dry state in the refrigerator (7–15 °C).

MUKERJI K.G. (1969): Fungi of Delhi. VI. Two members of Mucorales.  Česká Mykologie 23(1): 65-67   (published: 1969)
  abstract   During the taxonomic studies of fungi several members of Mucorales were isolated from soil and dung of various animals. This paper describes only two of them, Rhizopus chinensis Saito and Chaetocladium hesseltinii Mehrotra et Sarbhoy. In addition, several other forms were isolated, of which the worth mentioning are Helicostylum piriforme, Syncephalis cornu, Piptocephalis tieghemiana, P. cylindrospora and P. brijmohani sp. nov.

JURÁŠEK L., SOPKO R., VÁRADI J. (1968): Decomposition of beech wood and holocellulose by supernatants of stationary cultures of wood-destroying fungi.  Česká Mykologie 22(1): 43-49   (published: 1968)
  abstract   This paper deals with the lignolytic and holocellulose-degrading activity of supernatants from stationary cultures of wood-destroying fungi. Schizophyllum commune was the most active, causing 5.9% weight loss in beech wood and 40.5% in holocellulose. The correlation of degradation patterns suggests that different enzymatic systems may be used for wood and holocellulose decomposition.

KOTÝNKOVÁ-SYCHROVÁ E. (1966): The mycoflora of bark-beetle galleries in Czechoslovakia.  Česká Mykologie 20(1): 45-53   (published: 1966)
  abstract   The author investigated fungi found in galleries of bark beetles in 1961–1962. Several important species were isolated, including Leptographium lundbergii, Ceratocystis minor, C. pilifera, and Graphium pycnocephalum. Most had not been recorded in Czechoslovakia previously.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1958): Über zwei Arten der Gattung Melanospora Corda aus der Tschechoslowakei.  Česká Mykologie 12(1): 47-49   (published: 20th January, 1958)

PŘÍHODA A. (1957): Commutationes ligni vi fungorum excitatae earumque classificatio et declaratio.  Česká Mykologie 11(3): 183-190   (published: 20th August, 1957)

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