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Search for "CLONOSTACHYS": 15 articles found in Index.

KRUPODOROVA T., BARSHTEYN V., KIZITSKA T., RATUSHNYAK V., BLUME Y. (2023): Antagonistic activity of selected macromycetes against two harmful micromycetes.   [ascomycetes, Aspergillus niger, basidiomycetes, dual-culture, Penicillium polonicum.]  Czech Mycology 75(1): 85-100   (published: 23rd June, 2023)
  abstract   Competition between 31 macromycete species and two harmful micromycetes Aspergillus niger and Penicillium polonicum was evaluated using dual-culture plate assay. All investigated fungi, except for Inonotus obliquus and Lepista luscina, possessed different levels of antagonistic activity against the tested micromycetes. Hypsizygus marmoreus and Lyophyllum shimeji were inactive against A. niger. Morchella esculenta and Oxyporus obducens were passive in the case of co-growth with P. polonicum. The study of fungal interactions showed variability in types of reactions and level of their visualisation. Co-cultivation of the studied species resulted in the following reactions: deadlock after mycelial contact and at a distance, partial or complete replacement after initial deadlock on contact. In general, the studied macromycetes showed moderate activity against the two micromycetes, as 11 species showed active and 7 species moderate antagonism. Results revealed higher antagonistic activity of macromycetes against P. polonicum than in A. niger co-cultures. Wood-decaying species Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor were the most active fungi against the two tested micromycetes with a maximal antagonism index. These findings provide valuable insights which can be further explored by means of in vivo assays to find a suitable agent for the biocontrol of diseases or spoilage caused by A. niger and P. polonicum.

GRISHKAN I., TEMINA M. (2023): Diversity of microfungal communities inside saxicolous lichens from Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel.   [endolichenic fungi, lichen thallus, melanised fungi, microclimatic contrast, rock surface.]  Czech Mycology 75(1): 15-34   (published: 28th March, 2023)   Electronic supplement
  abstract   In this study, we examined the endolichenic fungal communities of saxicolous lichens covering the rocks in the Nahal Oren valley, northern Israel. A total of 60 fungal species belonging to 35 genera were isolated from six lichen species collected in the summer and winter on the south-facing slope (SFS) and north-facing slope (NFS) of the valley. We verified that rocks serve as a possible source for the formation of endolichenic communities because communities colonising lichen thalli and the rock surface shared 39% of species and clustered together on the SFS. On the NFS, with a comparatively favourable microclimate, lichen thalli abundantly harboured typical soil fungi such as Clonostachys rosea and Fusarium spp. in winter and summer, respectively. At the same time, more severe environmental conditions on the SFS facilitated the prevalence of melanised fungi with thick-walled and multicellular spores irrespective of season. The lowest species richness and isolate densities of endolichenic communities were registered in the thalli of Collema cristatum. This decrease, especially expressed in the summer, was probably associated with the antifungal effect of substances produced by its cyanobiont, as well as with the heavy dehydration of thalli during the dry season.

BHAVANA N.S., PRAKASH H.S., NALINI M.S. (2019): Antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials of fungal endophytes from Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), an ethnomedicinal species of Western Ghats.   [India, endophytic fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum, antioxidant, L-asparaginase, phenolic content.]  Czech Mycology 71(2): 187-203   (published: 19th December, 2019)
  abstract   This study focuses on the isolation and molecular characterisation of fungal endophytes from an ethnomedicinal plant, Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), and an evaluation of antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials. Fungal endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem parts of R. densiflora collected from the site of Talacauvery, Western Ghats, India. The highest colonisation frequency was found in leaves (95.5%), followed by stem parts (63.5%). A total of 19 fungal morphotypes belonging to 11 genera were identified by analysing the ITS sequences of the endophytes. The strains were screened for asparaginase production by qualitative plate assay and quantification by Nesslerisation. Maximum activity was recorded in the Penicillium chrysogenum culture (3.77 IU/ml). Submerged fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were carried out to obtain secondary metabolites for the evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidative potentials. The TPC of fungal extracts ranged from 12.37 to 89.29 mg GAE/g dry extract and the IC value of scavenging activity from 26.64 to 547.23 μg/ml. The P. chrysogenum strain 50 (MH392736) was found to have the potentially highest total phenolic content and a high antioxidant capacity. This is the first report on the characterisation of fungal endophytes from R. densiflora and their antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., KUBÁTOVÁ A., SKLENÁŘ F., HUBKA V. (2018): Microscopic fungi on cadavers and skeletons from cave and mine environments   [European caves, abandoned mines, dead bodies, bones, mammals, frogs, spiders, isopods, micromycetes]  Czech Mycology 70(2): 101-121   (published: 19th August, 2018)
  abstract   During long-term studies of microscopic fungi in 80 European caves and mine environments many cadavers and skeletons of animals inhabiting these environments and various animal visitors were found, some of them with visible microfungal growth. Direct isolation, the dilution plate method and various types of isolation media were used. The resulting spectrum of isolated fungi is presented and compared with records about their previous isolation. Compared to former studies focused mainly on bat mycobiota, this paper contributes to a wider knowledge of fungal assemblages colonising various animal bodies in underground environments.The most interesting findings include ascocarps of Acaulium caviariforme found abundant on mammals cadavers, while Botryosporium longibrachiatum isolated from frogs, Chaetocladium jonesiae from bats and Penicillium vulpinum from spiders represent the first records of these species from cadavers or skeletons.

MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt.   [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS]  Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32   (published: 26th January, 2018)
  abstract   The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).

ABDEL-SATER M.A., MOUBASHER A.H., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2016): Diversity of filamentous and yeast fungi in soil of citrus and grapevine plantations in the Assiut region, Egypt.   [Mycobiota, biodiversity, phenotypic and biochemical characterisation, ITS sequence, Coniochaeta canina, Aspergillus stella-maris]  Czech Mycology 68(2): 183-214   (published: 20th December, 2016)
  abstract   An extensive survey of soil mycobiota on citrus and grapevine plantations in Sahel-Saleem City, Assiut Governorate, Egypt was carried out using the dilution-plate method and 2 isolation media at 25 °C. Sixty-four genera and 195 species of filamentous fungi and 10 genera and 13 species of yeasts were recovered. A higher diversity (number of genera and species) and gross total counts were recovered from citrus than from grapevine soil. The peak of filamentous fungi recovered from both soils was found to be in February. Aspergillus (45 species) was the most dominant genus; A. ochraceus predominated in citrus plantations, while A. niger and A. aculeatus in grapevine. The Penicillium count came second after Aspergillus in citrus (23 species) and after Aspergillus and Fusarium in grapevine (11 species).Penicillium citrinum, P. ochrochloron and P. olsonii were more common in citrus plantations, but they were replaced by P. oxalicum in grapevine soil. Fusarium (19 species) was represented in 88.9–100% of both soils on both media; F. solani predominated in both soils, while F. incarnatum came next in citrus, and F. babinda and F. oxysporum in grapevine. Humicola (3 species) with the dominant H. fuscoatra was recorded in 61.1–83.3% of soil of both plantations, while Talaromyces (with T. purpureogenus followed by T. pinophilus being the most common) was recorded in 83.3–100% on DRBC and 38.9–50% on DYM from the soil of plantations of both crops. Volutella (5 species) was common in citrus but missing from grapevine soil. The present study reveals that hyaline fungi predominated over dark-coloured ones. Yeasts comprised only minor proportions in both soils (maximum 0.5%). They showed their peak in the soil of citrus plantations in April and in grapevine in February. All species were recovered in one or two samples only. Diutina catenulata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces (3 species), Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus were encountered in citrus only, while Cryptococcus laurentii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp. in grapevine only. Physiological and growth characteristics were obtained for most of the recovered yeasts.

PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., KOKA J.A. (2016): Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review.   [biological control, postharvest diseases, microbial pesticides, rosaceous fruits]  Czech Mycology 68(1): 41-66   (published: 1st February, 2016)
  abstract   This article aims to give a comprehensive review on the use of microbial antagonists (fungi and bacteria), botanicals and compost extracts as biocontrol agents against different pathogenic fungi causing postharvest fungal rots in rosaceous fruits which shows that they can play an important role in the biomanagement of fungi causing rot diseases. Plant extracts reported in the literature against pathogenic fungi indicate that they can act as a good biological resource for producing safe biofungicides. However most of the work has been done under experimental conditions rather than field conditions. There is still a need for research to develop suitable formulations of biofungicides from these microbial biocontrol agents and plant extracts. The review reveals that extensive ecological research is also required in order to achieve optimum utilisation of biological resources to manage various postharvest diseases of fruits.

ONDRÁČKOVÁ E., ONDŘEJ M., PROKINOVÁ E., NESRSTA M. (2013): Mycoparasitic fungi reducing the incidence and virulence of Bipolaris sorokiniana.   [mycoparasitic activity, mycoparasitic fungi, Clonostachys, Trichoderma, Bipolaris sorokiniana]  Czech Mycology 65(1): 103-112   (published: 10th June, 2013)
  abstract   The mycoparasitic efficiency of 28 strains/isolates of Clonostachys rosea f. rosea and Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata against the pathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana was determined in dual cultures on Czapek-Dox nutrient agar. Strains with low and medium efficiency were antagonistically inhibited by B. sorokiniana, and inhibitory zones were formed between the colonies of both fungi. The mycelium of Clonostachys strains with high efficiency overgrew and degraded B. sorokiniana colonies without formation of an inhibitory zone. In dual cultures, Trichoderma sp. and the most effective Clonostachys strains degraded B. sorokiniana colonies within 3 to 5 and 12 to 15 days, respectively.When rye seeds were treated with a mixture of C. rosea f. rosea, Trichoderma sp. and B. sorokiniana, development of B. sorokiniana on both seeds and seedlings was reduced when compared with a B. sorokiniana treatment. The treatment of rye seeds with Clonostachys and Trichoderma had a positive effect on seed germination and seedling length.

ABDULLAH S.K., MONFORT E., ASENSIO L., SALINAS J., LOPEZ LLORCA L.V., JANSSON H.B. (2010): Soil mycobiota of date palm plantations in Elche, SE Spain.   [soil saprotrophic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi, Phoenix dactylifera, isolation methods]  Czech Mycology 61(2): 149-162   (published: 10th August, 2010)
  abstract   The mycobiota of soil from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plantations in Elche, SE Spain was examined using 23 soil samples and five isolation methods. One hundred and nineteen species assigned to 67 genera were isolated. The most frequent species were in decreasing order: Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Neosartorya spinosa, Thielaviopsis punctulata, Chaetomium bostrychodes, Gilmaniella macrospora, Aspergillus candidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus microsporus, Sordaria fimicola, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium murorum, Fusarium solani, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium citrinum and Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The thermotolerant and thermophilic species of Malbranchea cinnamomea, Myriococcum thermophilum, Rhizomucor miehei, Scytalidium thermophilum, Talaromyces emersonii, Thermoascus aurantiacus and Thermomyces lanuginosus were detected in various frequencies of occurrence. Our findings are compared with those from a similar survey of soil from date palm plantations in Iraq. Our study indicates that there is no characteristic mycobiota for soil in date palm plantations except for the more frequent isolation of some species well known as pathogens on date palm.

JANKOWIAK R., ROSSA R., MIŚTA K. (2007): Survey of fungal species vectored by Ips cembrae to European larch trees in Raciborskie forests (Poland).   [ophiostomatoid fungi, Ips cembrae, Larix decidua, fungi associated with bark beetles]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 227-239   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   The species composition of fungi associated with Ips cembrae was studied in the Raciborskie forests, Poland. The fungi were isolated from overwintered adults, larvae, new adults and from galleries at various stages of development. The results showed that there was a great diversity of fungi associated with this insect. We isolated 2877 cultures, including 61 species. The most important group of fungi were ophiostomatoid species. From these, Ceratocystis laricicola, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and Graphium laricis were commonly detected, whereas eight other species occurred less frequently or sporadically. Ophiostoma ips is documented here as a new associate of I. cembrae. Ceratocystis laricicola was shown to be the primary invader occurring most frequently at early stages of brood development, particularly in the sapwood. Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and G. laricis were secondary invaders following C. laricicola. In the later stages of brood development other ophiostomatoid fungi appeared.

REMEŠOVÁ J., KOLAŘÍK M., PRÁŠIL K. (2007): Microfungi on the kernels of transgenic and non-transgenic maize damaged by the European corn borer.   [Bt-maize, microfungi, plant protection, European corn borer, Zea mays]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 205-213   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   From 2002–2004 isolations were carried out to determine the kinds and abundance of microfungi from non-transgenic maize kernels damaged by the European corn borer (ECB) and from transgenic Bt-maize (enriched with delta-endotoxin from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis). Bt-maize and non-transgenic maize (Zea mays) were grown at Praha-Ruzyně and Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic. Thirty-one taxa of filamentous microfungi were isolated, including eight zygomycetes and twenty-three ascomycetes (anamorphic stage). Presence of ECB, corn treatment, year, locality and isolation method significantly accounted for differences in fungus communities. Bt-maize was significantly different from the treatments with non-transgenic hybrids and was often associated with the potentially toxinogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Epicoccum nigrum. Conversely, Bt-maize had lower incidences of Fusarium spp. and Acremonium strictum.

HASHEM M. (2004): Biological control of two phytopathogenic fungal species isolated from the rhizoplane of soybean (Glycine max).   [biological control, soybean, Macrophominaphaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani]  Czech Mycology 56(3-4): 223-238   (published: 22nd December, 2004)
  abstract   Two hundred isolates representing 31 fungal species (20 genera) were recovered from soybean roots. Samples were collected from 12 localities at 3 different growth stages of the crop. The most dominant species were Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani (Nectria haematococca), Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests have proved the ability of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani to infect soybean roots and produce the symptoms of damping-off and root-rot diseases.The efficacy of three antagonists (Trichodermaharzianum, Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyceslilacinus) as well as two organic compounds (Strom and F-760) was evaluated as to their control of pathogenic fungi . Biocontrol fungi significantly suppressed Macrophominaphaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in vivo. Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyces lilacinus suppressed the growth of the pathogens by producing an inhibition zone while Trichoderma harzianum suppressed them by overgrowing. Strom and F-760 showed lower reduction effect of diseases in comparison with the antagonists.

KUBÁTOVÁ A., KOLAŘÍK M., PRÁŠIL K., NOVOTNÝ D. (2004): Bark beetles and their galleries: well-known niches for little known fungi on the example of Geosmithia.   [microfungi, Geosmithia, Scolytidae, ophiostomatoid fungi, yeasts]  Czech Mycology 56(1-2): 1-18   (published: 12th August, 2004)
  abstract   The oak bark beetle (Scolytus intricatus, Scolytidae, Coleoptera) was studied during the years 1997-2003 with respect to the occurrence of microscopic fungi on the surface of its body. Samples were collected in eight localities in the Czech and Slovak Republics. The investigation was focused on all different stages of the beetle’s life cycle: eggs, larvae, adults be for e emergence, adults in generation and maturation feeding (nearly 600 samples), and also on galleries (400 samples). The most frequent fungi associated with S. intricatus were yeasts, Geosmithia spp. and Penicillium spp. Ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated, too. Great attention was paid to the occurrence of Geosmithia spp., which were so far recorded rarely. They were frequently found in all stages of the life cycle of Scolytus intricatus, except for males in maturation feeding. The ecology of Geosmithia spp. in feedings of phloem inhabiting insects is discussed for their negative cellulase production and the ecology of associated insect species. Trees infested with Scolytus intricatus represent a major and still little explored niche of Geosmithia spp.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., PIŽL V. (2003): Mycoflora in the intestine of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and in vermiculture substrates.   [cattle manure, saprotrophic and cellulolytic microfungi, earthworms]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 83-102   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Mycoflora of three commercial vermiculture systems based on cattle manure derived sub­ strates and Eisenia andrei earthworms was studied using several isolation methods. A total of 172 taxa of saprotrophic micromycetes were isolated (19 taxa of Zygomycetes, 9 taxa of Ascomycetes and 144 taxa of mitosporic fungi). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent microfungal species in the intestine of Eisenia andrei. In vermicuture substrates, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were among species isolated very frequently by the soil dilution method, while Rhizopus stolonifer was estimated as frequent species using the soil washing isolation technique.

NOVOTNÝ D. (2003): A comparison of two methods for the study of microscopic fungi associated with oak roots.   [Quercus robur, oakdecline, Czech Republic, mycobiota, ophiostomatoid fungi]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 73-82   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Roots of four trees with symptoms of oak decline and roots of one healthy tree of Quercus robur were examined for the presence of fungi by using two methods (moist chambe rmethod and strong surface sterilisation method). Forty-five species were isolated in this project. Significant differences in composition of mycobiota based on the used method were detected. Fusarium solani, F. proliferatum, Sphaerostilbella aureonitens, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pénicillium simplicissimum, P. purpurogenumvar. rubrisclerotium, Trichodermaviride, Ophiostomapiceae s.l. and Pénicillium glandicola were the most frequent fungi isolated by the moist chamber method. Cryptosporiopsis radicicola, dark sterile mycelium sp. 1, Cylindrocarpon destructans, ChaetomiuM globosum, Cylindrocarpon didymum, Pénicillium simplicissimum and Trichoderma koningii were dominant species observed by the method of strong surface sterilisation.

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