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ASPERGILLUS|oryzae":
21 articles found in Index.
FRAGNER P. (1992): Identification of Aspergilli isolated from human and animal disease II. Česká Mykologie 45(4): 172-179 (published: 21st May, 1992)
OTČENÁŠEK M., DVOŘÁK J. (1985): Fungi infecting man. Taxonomy of agents of human mycoses in an alphabetical survey. Česká Mykologie 39(3): 155-164 (published: 1985)
NOVOTNÝ D., LUKÁŠ J., BROŽOVÁ J., RŮŽIČKOVÁ P. (2019): Comparison of the occurrence of fungi causing postharvest diseases of apples grown in organic and integrated production systems in orchards in the Czech Republic. [Malus domestica, organic production, integrated production, Neofabraea, Penicillium.] Czech Mycology 71(1): 99-121 (published: 28th June, 2019)
abstract
During the years 2013–2015, the occurrence of fungi causing postharvest diseases of apples was evaluated in three apple orchards with integrated and organic production systems in the Czech Republic. The postharvest disease fungi were more frequently recorded in fruits from organically cultivated apple trees (average 29.97%) than those from integrated production (17.67%). This difference is statistically significant. Neofabraea, Penicillium, Alternaria and a sterile grey mycelium were the most frequently recorded taxa in apples grown in organic and integrated production systems. There were also significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the most frequent fungal taxa between years. In 2013 and 2014, Neofabraea was the most frequently isolated genus in both cultivation systems, whereas in 2015, Penicillium was the most frequently recorded genus also in both cultivation systems, which was likely caused by the low precipitation in the 2015 growing season.
MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt. [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS] Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32 (published: 26th January, 2018)
abstract
The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).
ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri. [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism] Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22 (published: 10th April, 2015)
abstract
Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.
TALIGOOLA H.K., ISMAIL M.A., CHEBON S.K. (2011): Mycobiota and aflatoxins associated with imported rice grains stored in Uganda. [rice grain, xerophilic fungi, nephrotoxigenic penicillia, Fusarium, aflatoxins] Czech Mycology 63(1): 93-107 (published: 10th August, 2011)
abstract
Milled rice grains imported into Uganda from Pakistan were investigated for natural contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. The direct plating method using five isolation media was used to enumerate and isolate the fungi during a 270-day storage period. Fungi were isolated and identified to species level and the percentage contamination levels were calculated. A total of 35 species belonging to 16 genera were recorded. The broadest species spectrum were found in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotium and Fusarium, which were represented by 11, 7, 4, and 3 species, respectively. Throughout the storage period, xerophilic fungi including Aspergillus candidus, Eurotium amstelodami and E. chevalieri were predominantly isolated. Species of the genus Penicillium (particularly P. pinophilum) and its teleomorph Talaromyces ranked second in predominance, while Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. and other field fungi occurred only sporadically. Aflatoxins were recorded in rice samples during most storage periods with one sample recording 20–50 ppb. The moisture content increased in rice grains attaining values of over 14 % from the 180th day of storage onwards. A positive correlation was observed between moisture content and incidence of xerophiles, including A. candidus and E. amstelodami.
RAVIKUMAR M., SRIDHAR K.R., SIVAKUMAR T., KARAMCHAND K.S., SIVAKUMAR N., VELLAIYAN R. (2009): Diversity of filamentous fungi on coastal woody debris after tsunami on the southeast coast of India. [tsunami, Bay of Bengal, southeast coast of India, woody litter, fungal diversity] Czech Mycology 61(1): 107-115 (published: 29th September, 2009)
abstract
Five coastal locations on the southeast coast of India severely disturbed after the tsunami on December 26, 2004 were surveyed for the occurrence of filamentous fungi on woody debris by means of short-term (1 month) and long-term (12 months) damp incubation. Short-term incubation revealed 26 mitosporic fungi (8 genera) ranging from 14 to 17 taxa per location with a total frequency of occurrence between 0.4 and 5.6 %. Aspergillus taxa were dominant and six of them were common to all locations.Long-term incubation yielded 35 fungi (25 genera) (22 ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycete and 12 mitosporic fungi). The total fungal taxa per location ranged from 25 to 28 with a total frequency of occurrence of 0.8 to 46.8 %. Corollospora gracilis was the most dominant ascomycete (46.8 %), while Cirrenalia tropicalis and Dictyosporium pelagicum dominated among mitosporic fungi (18 %). The total frequency of occurrence of 11 ascomycetes and four mitosporic fungi was above 10 %. Twelve ascomycetes and two mitosporic fungi were common to all locations. The richness of fungi was higher after long-term than short-term incubation. The occurrence of 61 fungal taxa in this study suggests that the tsunami-dumped woody litter on the southeast coast of India might have at least partially originated from the ocean, thus representing a mosaic of fungi existing in seawater and sediments.
ISMAIL M.A., TALIGOOLA H.K., NAKAMYA R. (2008): Mycobiota associated with baby food products imported into Uganda with special reference to aflatoxigenic aspergilli and aflatoxins. [mycobiota, aflatoxigenic aspergilli, aflatoxins, imported baby foods] Czech Mycology 60(1): 75-89 (published: 4th July, 2008)
abstract
Five baby food products imported into Uganda were collected from different shops and investigated for contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. Forty-two species belonging to 21 genera in addition to some unidentified fungi were recovered on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. Cornflakes followed by Cerelac were the most heavily contaminated products while Heinz mixed cereal was the least. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Fusarium tricinctum and Penicillium oxalicum were the most predominant fungi. On the other hand, using Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar, 34 % of the samples were positive for aflatoxigenic aspergilli. Aflatoxigenic aspergilli constituted 78.8 % of all aspergilli and 4.9 % of all contaminating fungi. Samples from all products were contaminated with aflatoxigenic aspergilli, but samples of Cerelac were the most, while those of Porridge oats were the least. Aflatoxin analysis of food samples revealed that 9 out of 13 analysed samples were contaminated with aflatoxins in the range of 1–10 ppb (6 samples) and 11–20 ppb (3 samples). Only samples of Cerelac were aflatoxin–free, although aflatoxigenic aspergilli were detected in some samples. It was noted that samples of Cerelac had the least moisture content compared to the other products. Contaminated foods constitute a health hazard to human consumption. These foods, especially those for babies, must therefore be examined at regular intervals in order to assess their hygienic quality.
Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - II", Olomouc, Czech Republic, September 5th–6th, 2002. Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 103-149 (published: 23rd July, 2003)
abstract
The colloquium was a continuation of a previous scientific meeting that took place in Olomouc in 1999 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000). It was organised by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: biochemistry, biotechnology and genetics of fungi; phytopathogenic fungi; fungi pathogenic to humans and animals; and mycology of food and mycotoxins. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides five plenary lectures, 20 short communications and 24 posters were presented. In total 42 researchers took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further direction of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.
NOVÁKOVÁ A., PIŽL V. (2003): Mycoflora in the intestine of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and in vermiculture substrates. [cattle manure, saprotrophic and cellulolytic microfungi, earthworms] Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 83-102 (published: 23rd July, 2003)
abstract
Mycoflora of three commercial vermiculture systems based on cattle manure derived sub strates and Eisenia andrei earthworms was studied using several isolation methods. A total of 172 taxa of saprotrophic micromycetes were isolated (19 taxa of Zygomycetes, 9 taxa of Ascomycetes and 144 taxa of mitosporic fungi). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent microfungal species in the intestine of Eisenia andrei. In vermicuture substrates, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were among species isolated very frequently by the soil dilution method, while Rhizopus stolonifer was estimated as frequent species using the soil washing isolation technique.
HUŇKOVÁ Z., KUBÁTOVÁ A., WEIGNEROVÁ L., KŘEN V. (1999): Induction of extracellular glycosidases in filamentous fungi and their potential use in chemotaxonomy. [glycosidases, induction, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium] Czech Mycology 51(1): 71-87 (published: 29th January, 1999)
abstract
Data on the occurrence and inducibility of extracellular β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, α-galactosidase, α- and β-mannosidase and α-L-fucosidase, including inductors, are given for selected Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium strains. These data represent additional information on the strains in the Culture Collection of Fungi, Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, and in the Culture Collection of the Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic, thus extending their usability in biochemistry and biotechnology. With respect to these biochemical data a taxonomic evaluation of the examined strains is presented. Several strains were re identified after biochemical and morphological comparisons with the type strains. The strains of A. niveus CCF 544, A. terreus CCF 76, CCF 869, and CCIM USA were re-identified as A. flavipes, the strain A. oryzae CCF 1301 as A. wentii.
NASSER L., ABDEL-SATER M.A. (1997): Fungi associated with sheep hairs in Saudi Arabia. [Keratinophilic, non-keratinophilic fungi, sheep hairs] Czech Mycology 50(2): 99-106 (published: 16th December, 1997)
abstract
The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 25 hair samples of nine kinds of sheep, collected from different localities in Saudi Arabia, was estimated using three isolation methods at 28°C. Fortyfive species and one variety representing 23 genera were isolated and the most common genera were Chrysosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The most prevalent species of the above genera were C. indicum, C. tropicum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. oxalicum. Other fungi were also isolated with variable frequencies.
NOVÁKOVÁ-ŘEPOVÁ A., CHALUPSKÝ J. (1993): Microscopic fungi isolated from Fridericia galba (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Česká Mykologie 46(3-4): 251-255 (published: 25th August, 1993)
abstract
Microscopic fungi were isolated from the enchytraeid Fridericia galba (Hoffmeister, 1843), and from surrounding soil. Isolation was done from aseptically squashed enchytraeid bodies and from enchytraeid excrements prepared by defaecation into sterile conditions. The cultivation media were soil extract agar, cherry decoction agar and beer wort agar. A total o f 39 fungal species was found, 29 in the excrements and 19 in the soil. In most cases, fungi isolated from the soil differed from those isolated from the excrements. Feeding preference and seasonal variation were not demonstrated. Spores o f fungi were viable after passage through the enchytraeid gut. The biochemical activity o f the isolated fungi indicates preferential feeding on plant remains where the degradation of cellulose, pectin and xylose predominates.
FRAGNER P. (1991): Identification of Aspergilli isolated from human and animal diseases I. Česká Mykologie 45(3): 113-122 (published: 31st October, 1991)
ŘEPOVÁ A. (1989): Soil micromycetes from Czechoslovakia-a list of isolated species with bibliography. Česká Mykologie 43(3): 169-175 (published: 21st August, 1989)
BETINA V. (1986): Fungi in biotechnology-history, present times, perspectives. Česká Mykologie 40(2): 65-73 (published: 10th May, 1986)
Referate, die auf dem gesamtstaatlichen Seminar „Mykotoxine (d. i. Toxine mikroskopischer Pilze)“ (Prag, 27. IV. 1984) vorgetragen wurden. Česká Mykologie 40(1): 44-51 (published: 7th February, 1986)
HUBÁLEK Z. (1981): A systematic survey of dimorphic and polymorphic fungi. Česká Mykologie 35(4): 209-226 (published: 1981)
FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J., RUBEŠ M. (1979): Otomycoses and mycoflora of otitides. Česká Mykologie 33(4): 229-236 (published: 1979)
HUBÁLEK Z., ROSICKÝ B., OTČENÁŠEK M. (1979): Fungi on the hair of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. Česká Mykologie 33(2): 81-93 (published: 1979)
CEJP K. (1949): Houbová antibiotika II. Česká Mykologie 3(1-2): 6-11 (published: 15th February, 1949)
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