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Search for "geotrichum": 59 articles found in Index.

OTČENÁŠEK M., DVOŘÁK J. (1985): Fungi infecting man. Taxonomy of agents of human mycoses in an alphabetical survey.  Česká Mykologie 39(3): 155-164   (published: 1985)
  abstract   An orientational survey of taxonomy of fungi which have been described as agents of human mycoses is given. An alphabetical list of 163 agents contains data on synonyms of the individual species and organs afflicted by them. The literature citation of the earliest paper calling attention to pathogenicity is provided. Current nomenclature of anamorph and teleomorph stages and their mutual relation is discussed.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., ŠVORCOVÁ L., BREIEROVÁ E., DELGADO R. (1984): Taxonomic characteristics of yeasts isolated from bath facilities.  Česká Mykologie 38(1): 11-20   (published: 1984)
  abstract   This paper deals with the taxonomy and identification of yeasts and yeast-like organisms isolated from West-Bohemian bath facilities, as bath pools and their environments. The ecological, hygienical and sanitary aspects will be introduced elsewhere. This study follows the previous paper of Švorcová (1982).

FRAGNER P. (1979): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part V.  Česká Mykologie 33(2): 106-117   (published: 1979)
  abstract   Using simplified identification keys, 54 yeast species and two varieties occurring in human clinical material in Czechoslovakia were determined. The revised method is more accurate and economical than previous approaches. Descriptions of eight new species or varieties and diagnostic supplements are included.

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part III.  Česká Mykologie 32(3): 144-156   (published: 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the determination of yeasts occurring in human material in our territory is presented. The first part (I) (Ces. Mykol. 32 (1): 32–42, 1978) contained the following paragraphs: Introduction, Material and Methods, Laboratory Studies and Nutrient Media, Survey of the Species, Incidence and Distribution, Key. The second part (II) (Ces. Mykol. 32 (3): 129–143, 1978) contained a detailed characteristics of several species of the genus Candida Berkhout. This part, the third of the series (Part III), contains a characteristics of several species of the genera Cryptococcus Kutzing emend. Vuillemin, Geotrichum Link ex Pers., Kloeckera Janke, Kluyveromyces van der Walt, Rhodotorula Harrison, Saccharomyces (Meyen) Reess and Sporobolomyces Kluyver et van Niel. The descriptions are based on the culture forms occurring in our country. Macroscopic and microscopic appearance, auxanograms, zymograms, growth at 37 °C, data on the pathogenicity for humans and animals as well as these on the origin of the cultures, etc. are given.

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part I.  Česká Mykologie 32(1): 32-42   (published: 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the determination of yeasts occurring in human material on our territory is presented. It summarizes our experiences gained with more than 15,000 cultures during the last 20 years. According to our procedures it is possible to fairly exactly determine approximately 98% of yeasts within 48 hours or earlier, presuming that pure cultures are at hand. The key is based primarily on assimilation of glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and lactose, potassium nitrate assimilation, and macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the cultures. Some groups also use auxanograms of additional carbon sources and zymograms.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1971): Some new records of Hyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia.  Česká Mykologie 25(2): 112-117   (published: 1971)
  abstract   In uranium mines near Příbram (1967–69), two rare species new to Czechoslovakia were found: Geotrichum microsporum G. Smith and Scopulariopsis acremonium (Del.) Vuill. Also described is a new variety: Tritirachium heimii (Saccas) Langeron var. griseum var. nov. The paper includes morphological descriptions and growth characteristics on different media.

FRAGNER P. (1969): Morphologische Unterscheidung von Geotrichum und Trichosporon capitatum im sputum.  Česká Mykologie 23(1): 50-52   (published: 1969)
  abstract   Geotrichum candidum and Trichosporon capitatum can already be distinguished in microscopic preparations of sputum. Their arthrospores and hyphae differ in shape and size, and the predominant form (arthrospores vs. hyphae) in infected samples also varies. Diagnostic features and microphotographs are presented.

ISMAIL M.A., TALIGOOLA H.K., NAKAMYA R. (2008): Mycobiota associated with baby food products imported into Uganda with special reference to aflatoxigenic aspergilli and aflatoxins.   [mycobiota, aflatoxigenic aspergilli, aflatoxins, imported baby foods]  Czech Mycology 60(1): 75-89   (published: 4th July, 2008)
  abstract   Five baby food products imported into Uganda were collected from different shops and investigated for contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. Forty-two species belonging to 21 genera in addition to some unidentified fungi were recovered on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. Cornflakes followed by Cerelac were the most heavily contaminated products while Heinz mixed cereal was the least. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Fusarium tricinctum and Penicillium oxalicum were the most predominant fungi. On the other hand, using Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar, 34 % of the samples were positive for aflatoxigenic aspergilli. Aflatoxigenic aspergilli constituted 78.8 % of all aspergilli and 4.9 % of all contaminating fungi. Samples from all products were contaminated with aflatoxigenic aspergilli, but samples of Cerelac were the most, while those of Porridge oats were the least. Aflatoxin analysis of food samples revealed that 9 out of 13 analysed samples were contaminated with aflatoxins in the range of 1–10 ppb (6 samples) and 11–20 ppb (3 samples). Only samples of Cerelac were aflatoxin–free, although aflatoxigenic aspergilli were detected in some samples. It was noted that samples of Cerelac had the least moisture content compared to the other products. Contaminated foods constitute a health hazard to human consumption. These foods, especially those for babies, must therefore be examined at regular intervals in order to assess their hygienic quality.

JANKOWIAK R., ROSSA R., MIŚTA K. (2007): Survey of fungal species vectored by Ips cembrae to European larch trees in Raciborskie forests (Poland).   [ophiostomatoid fungi, Ips cembrae, Larix decidua, fungi associated with bark beetles]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 227-239   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   The species composition of fungi associated with Ips cembrae was studied in the Raciborskie forests, Poland. The fungi were isolated from overwintered adults, larvae, new adults and from galleries at various stages of development. The results showed that there was a great diversity of fungi associated with this insect. We isolated 2877 cultures, including 61 species. The most important group of fungi were ophiostomatoid species. From these, Ceratocystis laricicola, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and Graphium laricis were commonly detected, whereas eight other species occurred less frequently or sporadically. Ophiostoma ips is documented here as a new associate of I. cembrae. Ceratocystis laricicola was shown to be the primary invader occurring most frequently at early stages of brood development, particularly in the sapwood. Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and G. laricis were secondary invaders following C. laricicola. In the later stages of brood development other ophiostomatoid fungi appeared.

REMEŠOVÁ J., KOLAŘÍK M., PRÁŠIL K. (2007): Microfungi on the kernels of transgenic and non-transgenic maize damaged by the European corn borer.   [Bt-maize, microfungi, plant protection, European corn borer, Zea mays]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 205-213   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   From 2002–2004 isolations were carried out to determine the kinds and abundance of microfungi from non-transgenic maize kernels damaged by the European corn borer (ECB) and from transgenic Bt-maize (enriched with delta-endotoxin from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis). Bt-maize and non-transgenic maize (Zea mays) were grown at Praha-Ruzyně and Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic. Thirty-one taxa of filamentous microfungi were isolated, including eight zygomycetes and twenty-three ascomycetes (anamorphic stage). Presence of ECB, corn treatment, year, locality and isolation method significantly accounted for differences in fungus communities. Bt-maize was significantly different from the treatments with non-transgenic hybrids and was often associated with the potentially toxinogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Epicoccum nigrum. Conversely, Bt-maize had lower incidences of Fusarium spp. and Acremonium strictum.

Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - II", Olomouc, Czech Republic, September 5th–6th, 2002.  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 103-149   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   The colloquium was a continuation of a previous scientific meeting that took place in Olomouc in 1999 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000). It was organised by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: biochemistry, biotechnology and genetics of fungi; phytopathogenic fungi; fungi pathogenic to humans and animals; and mycology of food and mycotoxins. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides five plenary lectures, 20 short communications and 24 posters were presented. In total 42 researchers took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further direction of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., PIŽL V. (2003): Mycoflora in the intestine of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and in vermiculture substrates.   [cattle manure, saprotrophic and cellulolytic microfungi, earthworms]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 83-102   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Mycoflora of three commercial vermiculture systems based on cattle manure derived sub­ strates and Eisenia andrei earthworms was studied using several isolation methods. A total of 172 taxa of saprotrophic micromycetes were isolated (19 taxa of Zygomycetes, 9 taxa of Ascomycetes and 144 taxa of mitosporic fungi). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent microfungal species in the intestine of Eisenia andrei. In vermicuture substrates, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were among species isolated very frequently by the soil dilution method, while Rhizopus stolonifer was estimated as frequent species using the soil washing isolation technique.

KHAN M.R., SAHA M.L., ANISUZZAMAN M., SLÁVIKOVÁ E. (2002): Yeasts isolated from the lakes of Dhanmondi and Ramna, Bangladesh.   [yeast community, occurrence, lake water, Bangladesh]  Czech Mycology 53(3): 223-228   (published: 10th January, 2002)
  abstract   The occurrence of yeasts in the water of two lakes located in Dhaka City over a period from September to December 1999 was investigated. The number of yeasts of lake Dhanmondi and Ramna ranged from 9.5X10⁴ to 35X10⁴ and 2.3X10⁴ to 11X10⁴CFU/l, respectively.The isolated yeast strains belonged to 5 species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryi and C and ida suecica. The maximum number of yeasts was found to be 3 times higher in the water samples of Dhanmondi lake than that of Ramna lake. The higher number of yeasts was correlated with the temperature of the water and with pH values.

Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology", Olomouc, September 14th, 1999.  Czech Mycology 52(2): 139-178   (published: 20th April, 2000)
  abstract   The colloquium was organized by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: phytopathology, biotechnology and ecology, physiology and biochemistry, and medical mycology. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides four plenary lectures, 15 short communications and 21 posters were presented. In total 38 researchers took part in the colloquium, at who discussed various questions of importance for experimental mycology until late in the evening. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., VADKERTIOVÁ R. (1995): Yeast population in the water of a polluted fish-pond.   [Yeast population, polluted fish-pond, Slovakia]  Czech Mycology 48(2): 145-154   (published: 25th September, 1995)
  abstract   The present paper reports the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation of yeast populations isolated from the water of one fish-pond near Bratislava. Quite a number of fish have perished from disease in this pond. Eighteen different yeast species with various cell densities were identified from one hundred and fifteen water samples. Aureobasidium, Sporobolomyces, Trichosporon, Candida and Cryptococcus species occurred most frequently. The yeast populations of autumn and summer samples are compared. The total yeast count was 11 times higher in autumn than in summer. The distribution and densities of Trichosporon cutaneum, Geotrichum candidum, and to a certain degree of some species of the genus Candida, indicate the predominance of yeasts typical of a polluted aquatic environment.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1995): Micromycetes in archives and book depositories in the Czech Republic.   [Micromycetes, archives, allergies, Czech Republic]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 77-86   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   Species representation of micromycetes and their frequency were studied in the period 1981-1988 in four archives in Prague and near Prague and in one depository in West Bohemia. Representants of genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus isolated by sediment plate method and from the surfaces of the archive depots were the most frequent in all observed spaces. The higher number of the most frequent species was always found in older and for the archive purposes less convenient buildings, while inside the new building the number of the most frequent species was very low. In suitable conditions only a limited number of species for which the given specific conditions are convenient, act as destructive. They are mostly Penicillium which form coherent growing covers on the backs of the books and cartons. Spores of these fungi released by their growth contaminate the atmosphere of these spaces and can cause allergies in sensitive persons.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., VADKERTIOVÁ R. (1993): Ecological studies on yeasts in fish-ponds.  Česká Mykologie 46(3-4): 272-281   (published: 25th August, 1993)
  abstract   Investigations of yeasts isolated from 126 water samples show the occurrence of 16 different species. Two small fish-ponds were sampled twice, in summer and autumn, respectively. The most prevalent species were Aureobasidium pullulans, Sporobolomyces roseus, Hansenula anomala, Hyphopichia burtonii, Leucosporidium scottii, Bullera alba and Candida sp., mainly Candida krusei. The comparison is noted between the yeast population of autumn and summer samples. The total yeast count was 2.5 times higher in autumn than in summer. Isolated yeast strains are characterized by some physiological features.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A. (1991): The incidence of yeast organisms in the water of the artificial lake in Jakubov (Slovakia).  Česká Mykologie 45(3): 103-111   (published: 31st October, 1991)
  abstract   The present paper reports the results of qualitative and quantitative investigation of yeast populations in freshwater of the lake in Jakubov, located in the middle of the Lowland of Záhorie. One hundred and twenty-eight samples offered the possibility to isolate seventy-three yeast strains belonging to twelve genera. Representatives of the genera Candida, Hansenula, Aureobasidium and Rhodotorula occurred most frequently. The occurrence of yeast species at the beginning of the season was twice as heterogeneous as after it. Isolated yeast strains are characterized by some physiological features.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A. (1990): On the occurrence of yeasts in fresh-water of the artificial lake in Plavecký Štvrtok.  Česká Mykologie 44(3): 152-161   (published: 22nd October, 1990)
  abstract   The occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the artificial lake at Plavecký Štvrtok (Záhorie Lowland) was studied. Fourteen species were identified from 94 water samples. Most frequent genera included Candida, Hansenula, Aureobasidium, and Rhodotorula. Yeast counts were 3.5 times higher before the tourist season than after. Strains were physiologically characterized.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1989): Soil micromycetes from Czechoslovakia - a list of isolated species with bibliography. II.  Česká Mykologie 43(4): 235-243   (published: 17th November, 1989)
  abstract   A list of micromycetes (saprophytic, keratinophilic, rhizosphere, nematophagous, ovicidal, dermatophytes, and cellular slime moulds) isolated from various Czechoslovak soils is presented. The paper includes distribution data and literature citations for each species. It is the second installment of the series and documents a wide variety of fungi, including Chaetomium species and other frequently encountered genera.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., TOMANOVÁ E. (1989): Yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the fresh-water lake Rudava.  Česká Mykologie 43(4): 227-234   (published: 17th November, 1989)
  abstract   The occurrence of yeasts in the artificial recreational lake Rudava, located in the middle of the Záhorie Lowland, was studied. Twelve different yeast species were identified from sixty water samples, including Candida krusei, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, Geotrichum candidum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rh. rubra, Hansenula anomala, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Their likely sources include swimmers, sewage, decomposed wood and plants, or animal feed. Some species are potentially pathogenic to humans or animals.

POSPÍŠIL J., OTČENÁŠEK M., POSTUPA J., VEJBORA O., ŠTEINER I. (1989): Trichosporon capitatum as a little known opportunistic mycotic agent in man.  Česká Mykologie 43(3): 149-154   (published: 21st August, 1989)
  abstract   Transmission of virus-like particles from the infected hypovirulent strain of Cercospora beticola into virulent healthy strains was observed. The joint cultivation of the light poorly sporulating hypovirulent strain C61 containing virus-like particles and dsRNK with dark virulent intensively sporulating C26, C34 and C42 strains without virus-like particles and dsRNA resulted in the rich anastomosis connection between coloured thicker hyphae of virulent strains and thinner hyaline hyphae of the hypovirulent strain. Transmission of virus-like particles and dsRNA via anastomosis from the hypovirulent strain into virulent ones has been proved biochemically by the UV spectra and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Besides, the originally healthy virulent strains have converted and gained the properties of the hypovirulent strain thus demonstrating not only the transfer of virus agent but also its infectivity.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., WAI YIN MOK (1988): Unusually occurring yeast-like organisms isolated from the equatorial locality in the basin of the river Amazon.  Česká Mykologie 42(3): 170-175   (published: 12th August, 1988)
  abstract   The paper shows the results of identification of unusually occurring yeast-like organisms isolated from the basin of the river Amazon near the equator. In addition to commonly known species of the genus Candida (e.g. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis), species difficult to classify using standard keys were isolated from soil, human saliva, scalp, skin and amphibian tissues. Candida species comprised 75%, Trichosporon 19.5%, and sporogenic yeasts 5.5% of isolates. Most isolates were saprophytes, but pathogenic potential under specific climatic and physiological conditions cannot be excluded.

URBAN Z. (1987): Die tschechoslowakische Mykologie 1981-1985.  Česká Mykologie 41(3): 162-171   (published: 10th August, 1987)

FASSATIOVÁ O., KUBÁTOVÁ A., PRÁŠIL K., VÁŇOVÁ M. (1987): Microscopical fungi in archive environment.  Česká Mykologie 41(1): 8-15   (published: 16th February, 1987)
  abstract   One new genus, Amicodisca (typified by Dasyscypha brdensis Vel.) and six new species are described: Albotricha lupini, Ciliolarina corcontica, Cystopezizella cupulincola, Hamatocanthoscypha acericola, Hyaloscypha cupularum, and Orbilia ebuli. One new combination (Phaeohelotium terrestre) is proposed.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1986): The occurrence of microscopic fungi in air of the building of the Czechoslovak Acadeny of Sciences in České Budějovice.  Česká Mykologie 40(1): 19-29   (published: 7th February, 1986)
  abstract   68 species of microscopic fungi were isolated from the air in the building of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in České Budějovice. 16 species were opportunistic, 12 allergenic, and 13 mycotoxin producers. 8 species were reported as air-borne fungi in literature.

FRAGNER P. (1985): Keys for identification of yeasts from human material according to new points of view.  Česká Mykologie 39(4): 234-242   (published: 8th November, 1985)
  abstract   Identification keys were presented for 46 yeasts from human material in this country. Based on the author's own cultures and experience, they conform with the modern monograph by Kreger-van Rij et al. Some new trends and issues in yeast diagnostics are also addressed.

FRAGNER P., SOUKUP K. (1985): Contemporary views on mycotic colpitis.  Česká Mykologie 39(2): 106-118   (published: 1985)
  abstract   During a mycological excursion in 1973 near Sadská (district Nymburk), Inocybe phaeoleuca Kühner was found in large numbers in sandy pine forest. According to mycologist J. Veselský, this was the first reliable record for Czechoslovakia. Description of macroscopic and microscopic features is included.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., RONALDO CONTRERAS O. (1985): Yeast-like organisms isolated form plant material on Cuba.  Česká Mykologie 39(1): 44-50   (published: 1985)
  abstract   In 1981, yeast-like organisms were for the first time studied from plant material in Cuba. From 80 samples, 62 isolates were obtained and categorized into six groups: smut-like organisms, apiculate yeasts, Candida and Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Aureobasidium, and various others. All isolates grew at 42°C and produced a broad spectrum of hydrolytic enzymes.

STANĚK M. (1984): Microorganisms in the hyphosphere of fungi. I. Introduction.  Česká Mykologie 38(1): 1-10   (published: 10th February, 1984)
  abstract   The surface and immediate surroundings of fungal hyphae affected by their activity is termed the „hyphosphere“. Differences between microorganisms colonizing the hyphosphere and those colonizing a substrate is termed „hyphosphere effect“. The more extensive area of fungal effect on substrate, on the surface and surroundings of fruit-bodies, i.e. the environment affected by the activity of fungi is termed „mycosphere“. The nomenclature proposed is in agreement with the classification of the phytosphere of higher plants. The brief literary survey presents data on incidence of microorganisms in hyphosphere and on their importance, taking into account the results obtained in the Czechoslovak research institutions.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1983): Soil micromycetes of forest reserve „Voděradské bučiny“ in Central Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 37(1): 19-34   (published: 1983)
  abstract   In three forest sites of the Nature reserve “Voděradské bučiny” soil microfungi were studied in the period from September 1978 to July 1979. A total of 66 species was identified, 9 of which belonged to Mucoraceae and 57 to Moniliales. The most common species were Penicillium albidum Sopp emend. Fass. (all sites) and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S. F. Gray (beech forest, beech forest with Dicranum), Absidia cylindrospora Hagem (beech forest), P. spinulosum Thom (beech forest with Dicranum, spruce forest), P. chrysogenum Samson, Hadlok et Stolk (beech forest, spruce forest). The greatest number of species was found in the spruce forest. The highest biomass values of mycelium and of spores were ascertained in stony soil of the beech forest with Dicranum scoparium.

FRAGNER P., MICHÁLKOVÁ B. (1982): Is there a professional hazard of yeast incidence in stomatologic personnel?  Česká Mykologie 36(4): 243-247   (published: 1982)
  abstract   In the oral cavity of stomatological personnel, yeast colonization was found in 46.0% and Candida albicans in 33.0% of individuals — less than in the general population. C. albicans was least frequent in female doctors (24.2%), more frequent in nurses (30.6%), and highest in technicians (45.2%). Nurses with C. albicans had worked an average of 12 years in the field, while those without the yeast had worked 23 years. Interestingly, C. albicans appeared more often in younger individuals, contrary to trends in the general population. The study concludes no professional colonization risk exists.

FRAGNER P., ŠKOPEK J. (1982): Incidence of yeasts in the mouth cavity in person with removable dentures.  Česká Mykologie 36(3): 166-172   (published: 1982)
  abstract   Coprinus laanii Kits van Waveren is described with its cap initially egg-shaped or ellipsoid, later bell-shaped, 5–10 mm high, 3–8 mm wide, and finally nearly flat. Initially white and covered with fine greyish powder, the cap becomes striated and torn at maturity. Gills are white to almost black, narrow, and not crowded. The stem is 10–30 mm long, 1–2 mm thick, white with greyish powder that later falls off. Spores are 10–14 × 7.5–8.5 µm with thick irregular perispore and ornamentation of transverse ridges. The veil is composed mainly of spherical or broadly ellipsoid cells. This fungus was recorded as a new finding in Czechoslovakia.

BENDA J., FRAGNER P. (1982): Problems of chronic candida tonsillitis in children.  Česká Mykologie 36(2): 122-127   (published: 1982)
  abstract   In a study of children, Candida albicans was found in 42.7% of oral swabs. Chronic tonsillitis due to yeasts occurred in 3%. Tonsillectomy is considered optimal treatment.

FRAGNER P., PREISLER M. (1982): Incidence of yeasts in the mouth cavity of patients with parodontopathias.  Česká Mykologie 36(1): 52-56   (published: 1982)
  abstract   In patients suffering from some parodontopathies and diseases of the mouth cavity mucosa (most frequently parodontitis and gingivitis), yeasts were found in the mouth (on the tongue, teeth or gingivae) in 43.8% of cases, Candida albicans in 29.2% individuals. These percentages are strikingly lower than in the healthy population. Abundant or massive yeast findings (including Candida albicans) appeared only in parodontitis. The gingivae can sometimes be a wholly independent, isolated source. All yeast findings are given both qualitatively and quantitatively.

FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J. (1981): Yeasts flora of the tonsills.  Česká Mykologie 35(4): 227-233   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Yeasts (including Candida albicans) in the mouth cavity (on the tongue and/or on the tonsills) were found in 60.0% individuals, Candida albicans (alone or in combination with other yeasts) in 43.5% individuals. In most cases the yeast flora of the tonsills was identical with that of the tongue, only in 5.8% it was species different. Tonsills as a probable yeast source (judging from a larger number of germs or different species than that on the tongue) were found in 6.8% individuals. Possible connections between yeast incidence and clinical picture of the tonsills and tongue, general health condition, administration of antibiotics and several other circumstances were followed.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1981): A systematic survey of dimorphic and polymorphic fungi.  Česká Mykologie 35(4): 209-226   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Various definitions of the term dimorphism in fungi are briefly discussed and a general concept is given with a suggested morphological classification of the dimorphism. Dimorphism (and polymorphism) is delimited as an environmentally controlled reversible phenotypic duality (or plurality in the case of polymorphism) in the morphogenesis of the vegetative fungal cells, which is not restricted to pathogenic species and to the mycelial-yeast transitions only. A systematic list and an alphabetical index of the fungi exhibiting the phenomena of cellular dimorphism or polymorphism are presented.

FRAGNER P. (1981): Further experience with Castellani’s „Water cultures“.  Česká Mykologie 35(3): 161-164   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Microscopic fungi survive in sterile, distilled water at laboratory temperature for various lengths of time, from less than 11 months (Kloeckera apiculata) to more than 11 years (Sporothrix schenckii). The survival times of some species as well as their spontaneous variability are given. Castellani’s “water cultures” are only an emergency solution for maintaining live collections. Some yeast species which are morphologically or biochemically similar have also similar survival times in water.

FRAGNER P., ŠIMKOVÁ M. (1980): Yeasts in children.  Česká Mykologie 34(2): 82-91   (published: 1980)
  abstract   Altogether 400 children in the age of 0–8 years, hospitalized because of various diseases, were examined. Yeasts were demonstrated in 58.3% children in the tongue, buccal mucosa, tonsils or rectal swabs. Lists of the species found at different localizations are given. Candida albicans (alone or in combination with other yeasts) was found in altogether 47.5% patients; on the tongue in 41.8%, on the buccal mucosa in 38.3%, on the tonsils in 50.8% and in the rectum in 20.3%. With respect to the findings of C. albicans in rectal swabs there exists a rule that C. albicans is nearly always present in the mouth as well. Mouth findings need not be accompanied by findings in the rectum. Clinical picture of soor in the mouth cavity was observed in 1.5% children only. Possible connections between the incidence of yeasts and various clinical changes were followed. Especially important are the findings of yeasts in connection with the general health condition of the children: in the group with abundant and massive C. albicans findings most children are in poor health condition, on the other hand least of them are in good health state; in the group of children with negative mycological findings the situation is reversed. Likewise, a connection is observed between yeast presence and repeated or long-term hospitalization: children with positive mycological findings are more frequently repeatedly or long-term hospitalized than those with negative findings. In the group of children with negative or incidental findings, the highest number had not been ill so far. A possible correlation is also seen between the yeast occurrence and the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, one must not forget that such antibiotics are usually given to patients in poor health.

FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J., RUBEŠ M. (1979): Otomycoses and mycoflora of otitides.  Česká Mykologie 33(4): 229-236   (published: 1979)
  abstract   With one third of the patients suffering from otitis there occur microscopic fungi in the ear swabs, but they can be considered agents of the disease in approximately one half of the positive findings only. During the last 15 years, fungi were cultivated from the ear swabs of 472 patients with various ear diseases, mostly otitis externa. The most frequent yeasts in otomycoses were Candida parapsilosis and C. albicans, while the most frequent Aspergillus species were A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger. Clinical pictures and treatment of some external otitides are briefly mentioned.

HUBÁLEK Z., ROSICKÝ B., OTČENÁŠEK M. (1979): Fungi on the hair of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.  Česká Mykologie 33(2): 81-93   (published: 1979)
  abstract   A new record of dry rot fungus Serpula lacrimans (Wulf. ex Fr.) Schroet. on the trunk bases of two living trees of Norway Spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Botanical Garden in Průhonice near Prague is described. Differences between Serpula lacrimans and Serpula himantioides (Fr. ex Fr.) Karst. and the phytopathological significance of the new record are discussed.

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part IV.  Česká Mykologie 32(4): 235-245   (published: 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the identification of yeasts in human material is presented. Part IV of this series describes several species from the genera Torulopsis and Trichosporon. The article discusses limitations of the rapid method and current challenges in yeast identification.

Abstracts of papers delivered at the 6th Conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held at Pezinok, 19.-23. September 1977.  Česká Mykologie 32(2): 99-122   (published: 1978)
  abstract   Tradice mezinárodních mykologických kongresů není stará. První byl v roce 1971 v anglickém Exeteru. K vrcholným vědeckým setkáním tohoto typu nelze přiřazovat již delší dobu pořádané Sjezdy evropských mykologů. Druhý mezinárodní mykologický kongres se konal ve dnech 27. VIII. až 3. IX. 1977 v prostorách University of South Florida v Tampě. Zúčastnilo se ho více než 1200 specialistů ze 43 zemí.

JANEČKOVÁ V., FASSATIOVÁ O., DANIEL M., KŘIVANEC K. (1977): Findings of soil microscopic fungi in the Himalaya Mountains (Nepal).  Česká Mykologie 31(4): 206-213   (published: 1977)
  abstract   Within the framework of the 1973 Czechoslovak expedition in the Makalu Mountain region in the Himalayas (East Nepal) a total of 43 soil samples were collected for mycologic examination. Fourteen genera with 37 species of soil fungi were isolated from the samples. Though the spectrum of the isolated microscopic fungi was not wide, it contained 2 genera (Acremonium and Tolypocladium) and 15 species described for the first time amongst the Himalayan mycoflora. Some of the species were collected in the area for the second time. Among the keratinophilic microscopic fungi, Chrysosporium lucknowense was isolated. The investigation and the collection of soil samples took place at the altitudes of 1000–4900 m in the sites where the presence of terrestrial mammals was established, or direct from lair openings. The aim was to detect potentially pathogenic or keratinophilic microscopic fungi. Various species of microscopic fungi were isolated for the first time from the extreme climatic conditions of the high mountains characterized by an increased occurrence of UV radiation, great temperature fluctuations, strong air flow, a decrease in the air pressure and oxygen content and extreme abiotic and biotic factors influencing the specific existence of the organisms.

HÄUSLEROVÁ J. (1972): Occurrence of Saprochaete saccharophyla Coker et Shanor in fungoid growths below thedischarge of breweries.  Česká Mykologie 26(4): 233-237   (published: 1972)
  abstract   Downstream of the wastewater outflow from the brewery at Vysoký Chlumec (Bohemia), a considerable growth of fungal filaments occurs year-round. A permanent investigation from April 1970 to February 1971 revealed a stable composition, including Saprochaete saccharophyla, which appeared in large quantities from September 1970 to January 1971. The systematic placement of this organism remains uncertain. It is mostly found in waste and heavily polluted waters and is considered part of their biocenosis.

DONG B.XUAN (1972): Contributions á l’étude taxonomique des Hyphomycetes (Deuteromycetes). I. Esquisse d’un nouvelle classification.  Česká Mykologie 26(3): 155-166   (published: 1972)
  abstract   Based on conidial development, three fundamental spore types are proposed: arthroconidia, proconidia, and euconidia. This leads to a new classification of the Hyphomycetes into three subgroups: Arthrohyphomycetes, Blastohyphomycetes, and Euhyphomycetes, each further divided into sections. The paper discusses the inadequacy of the Saccardo system and supports modern classification approaches based on conidiogenesis, drawing from various authors and previous studies.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1970): Micromycetes unhabiting the mines of Příbram (Czechoslovakia).  Česká Mykologie 24(3): 162-165   (published: 20th July, 1970)
  abstract   Micromycetes isolated from uranium mines in Příbram include frequent pathogenic species like Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus and rare saprophytes such as Scopulariopsis acremonium, Geotrichum microsporum, Humicola brunnea var. africana and Tritirachium sp. nov. Isolations were made from various substrates and miners’ laryngeal swabs.

FRAGNER P. (1970): Spannweite der Art Trichosporon cutaneum.  Česká Mykologie 24(3): 153-161   (published: 20th July, 1970)
  abstract   Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, ability to grow at 37°C, arbutin cleavage, starch reaction on Aschner’s medium, and sugar assimilation were studied in Trichosporon cutaneum. Great variability was found among strains. The author proposes treating T. infestans and T. jirovecii as varieties of T. cutaneum.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1969): Bodenmikromyceten im Gebirge Ždánický les (Steinitzer Wald) und in der Steppe bei Pouzdřany (Pausram).  Česká Mykologie 23(4): 243-252   (published: 15th October, 1969)
  abstract   A total of 122 species of soil micromycetes were identified in 1963 in Ždánický les and the Pouzdřany steppe (South Moravia), including 25 species of Mucorales and 57 of Moniliales. Species diversity was proportional to soil temperature but not to humidity. Steppe was dominated by Aspergillus and Fusarium; forests by Chrysosporium pannorum.

FRAGNER P., KVIČERA J. (1968): Candida albicans non-forming chlamydospores.  Česká Mykologie 22(2): 112-113   (published: 1968)
  abstract   In examining the vaginal candidoses of prostitutes and suspected prostitutes, the authors isolated Candida albicans strains that did not form chlamydospores. The clinical pictures generally did not correspond to typical candidosis, and the animal experiments showed reduced pathogenicity.

POUZAR Z., JECHOVÁ V. (1967): Botryobasidium robustior spec. nov., a perfect state of Oidium rubiginosum (Fr.) linder.  Česká Mykologie 21(2): 69-73   (published: 1967)
  abstract   The authors describe a new species Botryobasidium robustior, which is the perfect state of Oidium rubiginosum. It was collected in a forest near Mělník, Bohemia, and is similar to B. aureum and B. candicans.

FRÁGNER P., MÚČKA V. (1966): Rubronigrin, new antibiotic substance from Trichophyton rubrum var. nigricans.  Česká Mykologie 20(3): 182-183   (published: 1966)
  abstract   Black-pigmented cultures of Trichophyton rubrum var. nigricans produce an antibiotic called rubronigrin. Effective extraction and purification methods are described. The substance is effective against a broad range of fungi including Cryptococcus, Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor, and others.

KRÁLOVÁ-KŘÍSOVÁ M. (1962): Yeastlike micro-organism in milk and some liquid milk products.  Česká Mykologie 16(4): 237-244   (published: 15th October, 1962)

FRÁGNER P. (1960): Mykoflora des Flaschenbiers.  Česká Mykologie 14(1): 52-59   (published: 20th January, 1960)

FRÁGNER P. (1959): Zur Mykoflora des Flaschenbiers.  Česká Mykologie 13(4): 227-233   (published: 20th October, 1959)

HEJTMÁNEK M., DADÁK V. (1959): Antimykotische Wirkung der Quecke (Agropyrum repens (L.) P. Beauv.).  Česká Mykologie 13(3): 183-188   (published: 20th July, 1959)

FRÁGNER P. (1958): Endomyces lactis Windisch 1951.  Česká Mykologie 12(3): 157-162   (published: 20th July, 1958)

FRÁGNER P. (1957): Ad Blastomycetis dermatitidis Gilchrist et Stokes 1898 res problematicas additamentum et inventum culturae similis in Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 11(1): 21-30   (published: 10th February, 1957)

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1954): Houby v chodbách kůrovců.  Česká Mykologie 8(3): 138-143   (published: 27th August, 1954)

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