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RHIZOCTONIA|solani":
25 articles found in Index.
BABU S., NANDAKUMAR R., SRIRAM S., RAGUCHANDER T., BALASUBRAMANIAN P., SAMIYAPPAN R. (2003): Phytotoxin production and rice sheath blight development by Rhizoctonia solani mutants derived from gamma irradiation. [gamma rays, mutants, phytotoxin, Rhizoctonia solani, rice, sheath blight] Czech Mycology 55(3-4): 261-271 (published: 22nd December, 2003)
abstract
To evaluate the role of the RS-toxin, a phytotoxin produced by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes sheath blight disease of rice, varying doses of gamma irradiation were used to generate mutants of the fungus. All the mutants showed reduced mycelial growth compared to the wild isolate RS7 in liquid culture. The mutants exhibited significant differences in virulence on detached leaf sheath and intact rice plants, the toxin produced and sclerotial formation in culture media and infected leafsheaths. The amount of toxin produced was positively correlated with disease development. SDS-PAGE analysis of mycelial proteins showed that the mutants and wild isolate produced many proteins of different molecular weights at different stages of mycelial growth. In the mutants resulting from higherdoses of gamma rays, the amount of toxin produced and their ability to induce disease symptoms were also greatly reduced.
PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., PALA S.A. (2018): Comparative study of the antimycotic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Berberis lyceum and Rumex obtusifolius against selected rot fungi. [plant extracts, phytochemicals, antimycotic effectiveness, minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition zone] Czech Mycology 70(1): 47-56 (published: 16th March, 2018)
abstract
Two medicinal plants, Berberis lyceum and Rumex obtusifolius, were screened for the presence of various phytochemicals and for their antifungal activity. The phytochemical tests carried out in the present study demonstrated the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, quinones and terpenoids in the plant extracts. Therefore, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum and Trichothecium roseum, using the agar well diffusion method. All the plant extracts at different concentrations showed significant antifungal activity against the tested fungi. Of the two plant extracts, B. lyceum showed stronger antifungal activity than R. obtusifolius. Ethanolic extracts of both plants showed stronger mycelial growth inhibition than aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts of B. lyceum showed the strongest antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum (inhibition zone diameter of 41 mm) followed by the ethanolic extracts of R. obtusifolius against P. chrysogenum (inhibition zone diameter 39 mm). Hence, it is concluded that these medicinal plants have a broad-spectrum antifungal activity and are a potential alternative to reduce various fungal pathogens.
PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., KOKA J.A. (2016): Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review. [biological control, postharvest diseases, microbial pesticides, rosaceous fruits] Czech Mycology 68(1): 41-66 (published: 1st February, 2016)
abstract
This article aims to give a comprehensive review on the use of microbial antagonists (fungi and bacteria), botanicals and compost extracts as biocontrol agents against different pathogenic fungi causing postharvest fungal rots in rosaceous fruits which shows that they can play an important role in the biomanagement of fungi causing rot diseases. Plant extracts reported in the literature against pathogenic fungi indicate that they can act as a good biological resource for producing safe biofungicides. However most of the work has been done under experimental conditions rather than field conditions. There is still a need for research to develop suitable formulations of biofungicides from these microbial biocontrol agents and plant extracts. The review reveals that extensive ecological research is also required in order to achieve optimum utilisation of biological resources to manage various postharvest diseases of fruits.
HASHEM M. (2004): Biological control of two phytopathogenic fungal species isolated from the rhizoplane of soybean (Glycine max). [biological control, soybean, Macrophominaphaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani] Czech Mycology 56(3-4): 223-238 (published: 22nd December, 2004)
abstract
Two hundred isolates representing 31 fungal species (20 genera) were recovered from soybean roots. Samples were collected from 12 localities at 3 different growth stages of the crop. The most dominant species were Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani (Nectria haematococca), Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests have proved the ability of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani to infect soybean roots and produce the symptoms of damping-off and root-rot diseases.The efficacy of three antagonists (Trichodermaharzianum, Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyceslilacinus) as well as two organic compounds (Strom and F-760) was evaluated as to their control of pathogenic fungi . Biocontrol fungi significantly suppressed Macrophominaphaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in vivo. Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyces lilacinus suppressed the growth of the pathogens by producing an inhibition zone while Trichoderma harzianum suppressed them by overgrowing. Strom and F-760 showed lower reduction effect of diseases in comparison with the antagonists.
GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., PRILLINGER H. (2000): Root mycoflora of pepper (Capsicum annuum) antagonistic to Verticillium dahliae. [Frequency of root fungi, Verticillium dahliae, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrothecium verrucaria, Trichoderma harzianum, pepper seed germination] Czech Mycology 52(3): 219-226 (published: 7th December, 2000)
abstract
Thirty-two species belonging to 19 genera of fungi were collected from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of pepper plants. The fungal colonies were characterised using classical morphological methods following identification keys. The most frequently isolated fungi were Chaetomiumglobosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium roseum, Mucor racemosus, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. expansum and Trichoderma harzianum. The crude culture filtrate of Verticillium dahliae at 100% concentration caused sharp decrease in pepper seed germination. Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Trichoderma harzianum produced a metabolite that retarded radial growth of Verticillium dahliae.
Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology", Olomouc, September 14th, 1999. Czech Mycology 52(2): 139-178 (published: 20th April, 2000)
abstract
The colloquium was organized by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: phytopathology, biotechnology and ecology, physiology and biochemistry, and medical mycology. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides four plenary lectures, 15 short communications and 21 posters were presented. In total 38 researchers took part in the colloquium, at who discussed various questions of importance for experimental mycology until late in the evening. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.
GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., ABDELZAHER H.M.A. (1999): Isolation of fungi from tomato rhizosphere and evaluation of the effect of some fungicides and biological agents on the production of cellulase enzymes by Nectria haematococca and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum. [Biologicalcontrol, root-rot, fungicides Nectria haematococca, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum] Czech Mycology 51(2-3): 157-170 (published: 25th May, 1999)
abstract
Forty-five species and two species varieties belonging to twenty-six genera of fungi were isolated from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of tomato plants.The fungi most frequently isolated were Aspergillus jlavus, A.fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Gibberella fujikuroi, Nectria haematococca and Rhizopus stolonifer. Ridomil and Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) had no significant effects on the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes of Nectria haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but slightly decreased at 100ppm. Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) significantly decreased Cl enzyme activities of N. haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but at 100 ppm it showed a slightly inhibitory effect. Ridomil caused a slight increase in the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes by Pythium ultimum var. ultimum at low and moderate doses but the highest dose of Ridomil caused a slight reduction. Vitavax-captan slightly increased the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes in P. ultimum var. ultimum. Normal and sterilised filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum induceda small decrease in Cl enzyme activity of Nectria haematococca. The sterilised filtrates of the three fungi tested caused greater inhibition compared to the normal filtrate.The production of Cₓ enzyme was slightly increased with normal and sterilised filtrates of Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum, but was significantly increased by both types of filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria. The two types of filtrate of all fungi tested did not significantly affect the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes by lithium ultimum var. ultimum. Production of extracellular protein by Nectria haematococca was not significantly affected by any dose of the tested fungi cides. It was slightly increased by the two types of filtrate of the three tested fungi but significantly increased by the normal filtrate of Myrothecium verrucaria. The normal filtrate of all the fungi tested enhanced extracellular protein production to a greater extent than the sterilised filtrate. Extracellular proteins of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum were slightly increased by all doses of Vitavax-captan and low doses only of Ridomil, also two types of filtrate of all tested fungi caused a slightly increasing effect.
NASSER L., ABDEL-SATER M.A. (1997): Fungi associated with sheep hairs in Saudi Arabia. [Keratinophilic, non-keratinophilic fungi, sheep hairs] Czech Mycology 50(2): 99-106 (published: 16th December, 1997)
abstract
The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 25 hair samples of nine kinds of sheep, collected from different localities in Saudi Arabia, was estimated using three isolation methods at 28°C. Fortyfive species and one variety representing 23 genera were isolated and the most common genera were Chrysosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The most prevalent species of the above genera were C. indicum, C. tropicum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. oxalicum. Other fungi were also isolated with variable frequencies.
KUBÁTOVÁ A. (1994): New records of micromycetes from Czech and Slovak Republics. III. Acremonium furcatum, Gonatobotryum parasiticum, Stachybotrys bisbyi, and Wardomyces inflatus. [filamentous microfungi, Deuteromycotina, new records, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic] Czech Mycology 47(2): 151-158 (published: 15th March, 1994)
abstract
Four species of the lesser known filamentous microfungi (Deuteromycotina) are reported from Czech and Slovak Republics, which appear to be the first published records of these fungi for this area. Acremonium furcatum, Stachybotrys bisbyi and Wardomyces inflatus were isolated from soil, Gonatobotryum parasiticum was found on Trichoderma sp. on dead wood. Description and illustrations are given. The strains of the three former fungi are maintained in the Culture Collection of Fungi (CCF), Prague.
URBAN Z. (1991): Abstracts of papers delivered at the 8th conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Brno (August 28-September 1. 1989). Česká Mykologie 45(1-2): 33-53 (published: 15th May, 1991)
abstract
Abstracts of papers delivered at the 8th conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Brno August 28 — September 1,1989)
ŘEPOVÁ A. (1989): Soil micromycetes from Czechoslovakia-a list of isolated species with bibliography. III. Česká Mykologie 44(1): 35-50 (published: 22nd February, 1990)
BRILLOVÁ D., SLADKÁ O. (1989): Transmission of virus-like particles from the infected into the healthy strains of Cercospora beticola Sacc. Česká Mykologie 43(3): 155-165 (published: 21st August, 1989)
BRILLOVÁ D., ŠUŤÁKOVÁ G. (1984): Viruslike particles in hyphae of parasitic fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc. Česká Mykologie 38(4): 193-196 (published: 15th November, 1984)
STANĚK M. (1984): Microorganisms in the hyphosphere of fungi. I. Introduction. Česká Mykologie 38(1): 1-10 (published: 10th February, 1984)
Abstracts of papers delivered at the 7th Conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held at České Budějovice, 13-18 September, 1982. Česká Mykologie 37(2): 108-128 (published: 1983)
abstract
Abstracts of papers delivered at the 7th Conference of Czechoslovak Mycologists, held at České Budějovice, 13–18 September 1982 - 1st Section: Taxonomy, Ecology and Mycofloristics
FASSATIOVÁ O. (1978): Soil micromycetes in abandoned fields in Bohemian Karst. Česká Mykologie 32(4): 226-234 (published: 1978)
NOVÁKOVÁ J. (1977): Wechselseitige Beziehungen zwischen den Virus- und Pilz- krankheiten bei Kulturpflanzen. Česká Mykologie 31(2): 60-68 (published: 1977)
VESELÝ D. (1977): Das Vorkommen von Pythium oligandrum Drechsler auf der Wurzeloberfläche auflaufender Zuckerrüben in Böhmen und einige Erkenntnisse zur Biologie des Pilzes. Česká Mykologie 31(1): 41-51 (published: 1977)
Summa actionum, quae in Quinto Consilio Mycologorum Cechoslovacorum in urbe Olomouc 25.-27.septembri 1973 traditae sunt. Česká Mykologie 28(2): 104-126 (published: 1974)
ŠAŠEK V., MUSÍLEK V. (1968): Antibiotic activity of mycorrhizal Basidiomycetes and their relation to thehost-plant parasites. Česká Mykologie 22(1): 50-55 (published: 1968)
FASSATIOVÁ O. (1965): Studies on the variability of Penicillium albidum Sopp emend. Fassatiová and the development of the conidia. Česká Mykologie 19(2): 104-110 (published: 1965)
CEJP K. (1961): Fungous diseases of dahlias in Czechslovakia. Česká Mykologie 15(3): 169-179 (published: 8th July, 1961)
PILÁT A. (1957): Conspectus specierum europaerum ordinis Protoclavariales Heim. Česká Mykologie 11(2): 66-95 (published: 19th April, 1957)
CEJP K. (1952): Ruská a sovětská mykologie I. Česká Mykologie 6(3-5): 33-38 (published: 15th May, 1952)
CEJP K. (1949): Houbová antibiotika II. Česká Mykologie 3(1-2): 6-11 (published: 15th February, 1949)
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