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URBAN Z., MARKOVÁ J. (1984): Ecology and evolution of Puccinia graminis Pers.  Česká Mykologie 38(2): 65-95   (published: 15th May, 1984)
  abstract   In the area of the secondary evolutionary gene center of wheat (the Mediterranean) as well as in the regions of the primary gene centers the “graminicolous facies“ of the wheat stem rust, Puccinia graminis subsp. graminis seems to play a significant role. Similarly as in the Mediterranean also in Asia the “ruderal facies“ is combined with that of sexual hybridization on barberry (“montane facies“). Future studies envisage the following: 1) study of the rust ecology in the evolutionary centers, determination of geographic distribution of the individual physiologic races and populations and investigation into the urediospore long distance spread; 2) in search after the gene sources of resistance using of stem rust resistant grass populations indigenous to the evolutionary centers is preferred; 3) to protect natural ecosystems embracing barberry within the evolutionary centers and thus ensure the existence and further development of wild and cultivated grass populations possessing a high degree of nonspecific (general) stem rust resistance or tolerance.

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