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MONILINIA":
15 articles found in Index.
BLATTNÝ C. (1961): Poznámka k článku J. Krejčové: Monilinia fructigena. Česká Mykologie 15(1): 34-35 (published: 20th January, 1961)
KREJČOVÁ J. (1960): Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. et Ruhl.) Honey producing the brown rot of stone fruit. Česká Mykologie 14(3): 198-207 (published: 20th July, 1960)
SVRČEK M. (1959): Resultate der Mykologischen Durchforschung Böhmens für das Jahr 1958. II. Kritische Bemerkungen zu einigen Discomyceten der Winter und Frühjahraspekt der mittelböhmischen Mykoflora. Česká Mykologie 13(4): 211-217 (published: 20th October, 1959)
AL-TOUBI A.S.S., AL-SADI A.M., AL-MAHMOOLI I.H., AL-HARRASI M.M.A., AL-SABAHI J.N., VELAZHAHAN R. (2022): Volatile organic compounds emitted by mycoparasitic fungi Hypomyces perniciosus and Cladobotryum mycophilum suppress the growth of Agaricus bisporus. [antifungal, cobweb, ethanol, wet bubble, white button mushroom.] Czech Mycology 74(2): 141-152 (published: 14th November, 2022)
abstract
Hypomyces perniciosus and Cladobotryum mycophilum are mycoparasitic fungi infecting Agaricus bisporus and causing wet bubble and cobweb diseases, respectively. In this work, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these fungal mycoparasites in the suppression of A. bisporus was investigated. The VOCs of H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum effectively reduced the mycelial growth of A. bisporus by 60% and 73% after 5 days of incubation, respectively, compared to that of the control as assessed by the two-sealed-base-plates assay. Further, the VOCs of H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum were collected in a headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure, and their components analysed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethanol was identified as the major volatile component in H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum. Ethanol vapour significantly retarded the growth of A. bisporus in an in vitro assay. The results of this study suggest that ethanol produced by H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum could be involved in the suppression of A. bisporus.
NOVOTNÝ D., LUKÁŠ J., BROŽOVÁ J., RŮŽIČKOVÁ P. (2019): Comparison of the occurrence of fungi causing postharvest diseases of apples grown in organic and integrated production systems in orchards in the Czech Republic. [Malus domestica, organic production, integrated production, Neofabraea, Penicillium.] Czech Mycology 71(1): 99-121 (published: 28th June, 2019)
abstract
During the years 2013–2015, the occurrence of fungi causing postharvest diseases of apples was evaluated in three apple orchards with integrated and organic production systems in the Czech Republic. The postharvest disease fungi were more frequently recorded in fruits from organically cultivated apple trees (average 29.97%) than those from integrated production (17.67%). This difference is statistically significant. Neofabraea, Penicillium, Alternaria and a sterile grey mycelium were the most frequently recorded taxa in apples grown in organic and integrated production systems. There were also significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the most frequent fungal taxa between years. In 2013 and 2014, Neofabraea was the most frequently isolated genus in both cultivation systems, whereas in 2015, Penicillium was the most frequently recorded genus also in both cultivation systems, which was likely caused by the low precipitation in the 2015 growing season.
PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., PALA S.A. (2018): Comparative study of the antimycotic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Berberis lyceum and Rumex obtusifolius against selected rot fungi. [plant extracts, phytochemicals, antimycotic effectiveness, minimum inhibitory concentration, inhibition zone] Czech Mycology 70(1): 47-56 (published: 16th March, 2018)
abstract
Two medicinal plants, Berberis lyceum and Rumex obtusifolius, were screened for the presence of various phytochemicals and for their antifungal activity. The phytochemical tests carried out in the present study demonstrated the presence of phenols, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, quinones and terpenoids in the plant extracts. Therefore, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of these medicinal plants were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium herbarum and Trichothecium roseum, using the agar well diffusion method. All the plant extracts at different concentrations showed significant antifungal activity against the tested fungi. Of the two plant extracts, B. lyceum showed stronger antifungal activity than R. obtusifolius. Ethanolic extracts of both plants showed stronger mycelial growth inhibition than aqueous extracts. The ethanolic extracts of B. lyceum showed the strongest antifungal activity against Penicillium chrysogenum (inhibition zone diameter of 41 mm) followed by the ethanolic extracts of R. obtusifolius against P. chrysogenum (inhibition zone diameter 39 mm). Hence, it is concluded that these medicinal plants have a broad-spectrum antifungal activity and are a potential alternative to reduce various fungal pathogens.
PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., KOKA J.A. (2016): Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review. [biological control, postharvest diseases, microbial pesticides, rosaceous fruits] Czech Mycology 68(1): 41-66 (published: 1st February, 2016)
abstract
This article aims to give a comprehensive review on the use of microbial antagonists (fungi and bacteria), botanicals and compost extracts as biocontrol agents against different pathogenic fungi causing postharvest fungal rots in rosaceous fruits which shows that they can play an important role in the biomanagement of fungi causing rot diseases. Plant extracts reported in the literature against pathogenic fungi indicate that they can act as a good biological resource for producing safe biofungicides. However most of the work has been done under experimental conditions rather than field conditions. There is still a need for research to develop suitable formulations of biofungicides from these microbial biocontrol agents and plant extracts. The review reveals that extensive ecological research is also required in order to achieve optimum utilisation of biological resources to manage various postharvest diseases of fruits.
ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri. [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism] Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22 (published: 10th April, 2015)
abstract
Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.
Book review - Lindow S.E., Hecht-Poinar E.I., Elliott V.J. (eds.): Phyllosphere microbiology. Czech Mycology 56(1-2): 174 (published: 12th August, 2004)
NIKOLCHEVA L.G., BÄRLOCHER F. (2002): Phylogeny of Tetracladium based on 18S rDNA. [Tetracladium, 18S rDNA, Leotiales, Erysiphales, Onygenales] Czech Mycology 53(4): 285-295 (published: 3rd October, 2002)
abstract
Complete sequences of 18S rDNA of seven strains of Tetracladium were determined. The following species were included: T. apiense, T. furcatum, T. maxilliforme, T. setigerum (one strain each) and T. marchalianum (3 strains). Sequence homology among the 7 strains was >98%. The closest published match (NCBI database) to the Telracladium sequences is one by Bulgaria inquinans (homology 95-96%). Phylogenetic analysis placed the Tetracladium complex in the vicinity of the Ascomycete orders Onygenales, Erysiphales and Leotiales.
GALÁN R., PALMER J.T. (2001): The occurence of rare Ciboria aestivalis in Europe. [Ciboria, Sclerotiniaceae, mummification offruits, Spain] Czech Mycology 52(4): 277-287 (published: 5th March, 2001)
abstract
The authors report the finding in Southern Spain of an apparently rare fungus: Ciboria aestivalis (Pollock) Whetzel (Sclerotiniaceae) growing on mummified quinces (Cydonia oblonga Miller). Originally described from apples (Malus sp.) in the United States, the species has also been reported on other pomaceous and stone fruits in Australia. A recent report from France is based on a misidentification, whilst a British reference to “imported fruit” refers to mummified quinces brought from Australia. The inoculation of various fresh fruits produced mummies which developed apothecia, also on blackened pips from a mummified apple, whilst stromata formed in P. D. A. cultures. The apothecia are described in detail and illustrated, including the type. Its generic placement in the Sclerotiniaceae is discussed.
SVRČEK M. (1961): Sclerotinia denisii sp. n. cum conspectu sperierum subgeneris Myriosclerotonia. Česká Mykologie 15(1): 35-41 (published: 20th January, 1961)
Literatura. Česká Mykologie 14(4): 248-250 (published: 20th October, 1960)
CHARVÁT I. (1952): Tři naše nejhojnější a snadno zaměnitelné muchomůrky. Česká Mykologie 6(6-7): 138-144 (published: 15th August, 1952)
PILÁT A., KOTLABA F. (1952): Tři severské hlízenky, nové pro Československo: hlízenka rojovníková - Sclerotinia Ledi Naw., hlízenka Vahlova - Sclerotinia Vahliana Rostr. a hlízenka brusinková - Sclerotinia urnula (Weinm.)Ehm. Česká Mykologie 6(6-7): 131-138 (published: 15th August, 1952)
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