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LECANICILLIUM":
8 articles found in Index.
GRISHKAN I., TEMINA M. (2023): Diversity of microfungal communities inside saxicolous lichens from Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel. [endolichenic fungi, lichen thallus, melanised fungi, microclimatic contrast, rock surface.] Czech Mycology 75(1): 15-34 (published: 28th March, 2023) Electronic supplement
abstract
In this study, we examined the endolichenic fungal communities of saxicolous lichens covering the rocks in the Nahal Oren valley, northern Israel. A total of 60 fungal species belonging to 35 genera were isolated from six lichen species collected in the summer and winter on the south-facing slope (SFS) and north-facing slope (NFS) of the valley. We verified that rocks serve as a possible source for the formation of endolichenic communities because communities colonising lichen thalli and the rock surface shared 39% of species and clustered together on the SFS. On the NFS, with a comparatively favourable microclimate, lichen thalli abundantly harboured typical soil fungi such as Clonostachys rosea and Fusarium spp. in winter and summer, respectively. At the same time, more severe environmental conditions on the SFS facilitated the prevalence of melanised fungi with thick-walled and multicellular spores irrespective of season. The lowest species richness and isolate densities of endolichenic communities were registered in the thalli of Collema cristatum. This decrease, especially expressed in the summer, was probably associated with the antifungal effect of substances produced by its cyanobiont, as well as with the heavy dehydration of thalli during the dry season.
AL-TOUBI A.S.S., AL-SADI A.M., AL-MAHMOOLI I.H., AL-HARRASI M.M.A., AL-SABAHI J.N., VELAZHAHAN R. (2022): Volatile organic compounds emitted by mycoparasitic fungi Hypomyces perniciosus and Cladobotryum mycophilum suppress the growth of Agaricus bisporus. [antifungal, cobweb, ethanol, wet bubble, white button mushroom.] Czech Mycology 74(2): 141-152 (published: 14th November, 2022)
abstract
Hypomyces perniciosus and Cladobotryum mycophilum are mycoparasitic fungi infecting Agaricus bisporus and causing wet bubble and cobweb diseases, respectively. In this work, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these fungal mycoparasites in the suppression of A. bisporus was investigated. The VOCs of H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum effectively reduced the mycelial growth of A. bisporus by 60% and 73% after 5 days of incubation, respectively, compared to that of the control as assessed by the two-sealed-base-plates assay. Further, the VOCs of H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum were collected in a headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure, and their components analysed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethanol was identified as the major volatile component in H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum. Ethanol vapour significantly retarded the growth of A. bisporus in an in vitro assay. The results of this study suggest that ethanol produced by H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum could be involved in the suppression of A. bisporus.
ONDRÁČKOVÁ E., SEIDENGLANZ M., ŠAFÁŘ J. (2019): Effect of seventeen pesticides on mycelial growth of Akanthomyces, Beauveria, Cordyceps and Purpureocillium strains. [entomopathogenic fungi, growth inhibition, Lecanicillium, Isaria, fungicides, insecticides, herbicides.] Czech Mycology 71(2): 123-135 (published: 1st November, 2019)
abstract
The effect of fungicides, herbicides and insecticides on mycelial growth of entomopathogenic fungi Akanthomyces muscarius, Beauveria bassiana, Cordyceps fumosorosea and Purpureocillium lilacinum were tested under laboratory conditions. Fungicides containing the active ingredients carboxin & thiram, dimethomorph & mancozeb, mancozeb & metalaxyl-M, boscalid & pyraclostrobin, mancozeb, metalaxyl-M & fludioxonil and herbicides with active ingredients pendimethalin, pethoxamid, chlorotoluron and pendimethalin & imazamox statistically significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of all tested fungi (20.4–100% and 14.9–100% inhibition). Insecticides did not significantly inhibit the mycelial growth of Akanthomyces and Purpureocillium strains but active ingredients tau-fluvalinate, pirimicarb and acetamiprid inhibited the mycelial growth of Beauveria strains (22.6–30% inhibition). The mycelial growth of Cordyceps strains was faster in the presence of insecticides than in controls.
NOVÁKOVÁ A., KUBÁTOVÁ A., SKLENÁŘ F., HUBKA V. (2018): Microscopic fungi on cadavers and skeletons from cave and mine environments [European caves, abandoned mines, dead bodies, bones, mammals, frogs, spiders, isopods, micromycetes] Czech Mycology 70(2): 101-121 (published: 19th August, 2018)
abstract
During long-term studies of microscopic fungi in 80 European caves and mine environments many cadavers and skeletons of animals inhabiting these environments and various animal visitors were found, some of them with visible microfungal growth. Direct isolation, the dilution plate method and various types of isolation media were used. The resulting spectrum of isolated fungi is presented and compared with records about their previous isolation. Compared to former studies focused mainly on bat mycobiota, this paper contributes to a wider knowledge of fungal assemblages colonising various animal bodies in underground environments.The most interesting findings include ascocarps of Acaulium caviariforme found abundant on mammals cadavers, while Botryosporium longibrachiatum isolated from frogs, Chaetocladium jonesiae from bats and Penicillium vulpinum from spiders represent the first records of these species from cadavers or skeletons.
MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt. [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS] Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32 (published: 26th January, 2018)
abstract
The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).
ABDEL-SATER M.A., MOUBASHER A.H., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2016): Diversity of filamentous and yeast fungi in soil of citrus and grapevine plantations in the Assiut region, Egypt. [Mycobiota, biodiversity, phenotypic and biochemical characterisation, ITS sequence, Coniochaeta canina, Aspergillus stella-maris] Czech Mycology 68(2): 183-214 (published: 20th December, 2016)
abstract
An extensive survey of soil mycobiota on citrus and grapevine plantations in Sahel-Saleem City, Assiut Governorate, Egypt was carried out using the dilution-plate method and 2 isolation media at 25 °C. Sixty-four genera and 195 species of filamentous fungi and 10 genera and 13 species of yeasts were recovered. A higher diversity (number of genera and species) and gross total counts were recovered from citrus than from grapevine soil. The peak of filamentous fungi recovered from both soils was found to be in February. Aspergillus (45 species) was the most dominant genus; A. ochraceus predominated in citrus plantations, while A. niger and A. aculeatus in grapevine. The Penicillium count came second after Aspergillus in citrus (23 species) and after Aspergillus and Fusarium in grapevine (11 species).Penicillium citrinum, P. ochrochloron and P. olsonii were more common in citrus plantations, but they were replaced by P. oxalicum in grapevine soil. Fusarium (19 species) was represented in 88.9–100% of both soils on both media; F. solani predominated in both soils, while F. incarnatum came next in citrus, and F. babinda and F. oxysporum in grapevine. Humicola (3 species) with the dominant H. fuscoatra was recorded in 61.1–83.3% of soil of both plantations, while Talaromyces (with T. purpureogenus followed by T. pinophilus being the most common) was recorded in 83.3–100% on DRBC and 38.9–50% on DYM from the soil of plantations of both crops. Volutella (5 species) was common in citrus but missing from grapevine soil. The present study reveals that hyaline fungi predominated over dark-coloured ones. Yeasts comprised only minor proportions in both soils (maximum 0.5%). They showed their peak in the soil of citrus plantations in April and in grapevine in February. All species were recovered in one or two samples only. Diutina catenulata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces (3 species), Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus were encountered in citrus only, while Cryptococcus laurentii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp. in grapevine only. Physiological and growth characteristics were obtained for most of the recovered yeasts.
REMEŠOVÁ J., KOLAŘÍK M., PRÁŠIL K. (2007): Microfungi on the kernels of transgenic and non-transgenic maize damaged by the European corn borer. [Bt-maize, microfungi, plant protection, European corn borer, Zea mays] Czech Mycology 59(2): 205-213 (published: 28th December, 2007)
abstract
From 2002–2004 isolations were carried out to determine the kinds and abundance of microfungi from non-transgenic maize kernels damaged by the European corn borer (ECB) and from transgenic Bt-maize (enriched with delta-endotoxin from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis). Bt-maize and non-transgenic maize (Zea mays) were grown at Praha-Ruzyně and Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic. Thirty-one taxa of filamentous microfungi were isolated, including eight zygomycetes and twenty-three ascomycetes (anamorphic stage). Presence of ECB, corn treatment, year, locality and isolation method significantly accounted for differences in fungus communities. Bt-maize was significantly different from the treatments with non-transgenic hybrids and was often associated with the potentially toxinogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Epicoccum nigrum. Conversely, Bt-maize had lower incidences of Fusarium spp. and Acremonium strictum.
KUBÁTOVÁ A., DVOŘÁK L. (2005): Entomopathogenic fungi associated with insect hibernating in underground shelters. [entomopathogenicmicromycetes, hypogeangalleries, overwinteringmoths, butterfliesandmosquitoes] Czech Mycology 57(3-4): 221-237 (published: 10th February, 2006)
abstract
In the period 2001-2004, several hundreds of undergroundshelters (mainlyab and onedgalleries, caves, and cellars)inW and SWBohemia(CzechRepublic) were explored for insectcadavers with visi blefungalgrowth. At27localities, 94infectedcadavers of sixinsecttaxa were collected.Themostfre quentinfectedinsects were 7Yiphosadubitata, Scoliopteryxlibatrix(Lepidoptera;Geometridae and Noctuidae, resp.) and unidentifedmosquitoes(Diptera, Culicidae). On the collectedcadavers, alto ge the r20 species of microfungi(includingsterilemycelia) were recorded, most of them belonging to entomopathogens. The most frequent was Paecilomyces farinosus (36 % of all samples) and Cordycepssp.(15%)whichhadaffinitytoC. tuberculata and C.riverae. Closeassociation with insects was shownbyCordycepssp.( with Triphosadubitata) and Conidiobolusdestruens( with unidentified mosquitoes). On the contrary, Paecilomycesfarinosus was recordedonfivedifferentinsect species . Also several other interesting species were found (e.g. Hirsutella guignardii, Engyodontium cf. parvisporum), probably not yet recorded from the Czech Republic. Microphotographs of some microfungi studied are included.
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