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FUSARIUM|verticillioides":
6 articles found in Index.
BHAVANA N.S., PRAKASH H.S., NALINI M.S. (2019): Antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials of fungal endophytes from Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), an ethnomedicinal species of Western Ghats. [India, endophytic fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum, antioxidant, L-asparaginase, phenolic content.] Czech Mycology 71(2): 187-203 (published: 19th December, 2019)
abstract
This study focuses on the isolation and molecular characterisation of fungal endophytes from an ethnomedicinal plant, Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), and an evaluation of antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials. Fungal endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem parts of R. densiflora collected from the site of Talacauvery, Western Ghats, India. The highest colonisation frequency was found in leaves (95.5%), followed by stem parts (63.5%). A total of 19 fungal morphotypes belonging to 11 genera were identified by analysing the ITS sequences of the endophytes. The strains were screened for asparaginase production by qualitative plate assay and quantification by Nesslerisation. Maximum activity was recorded in the Penicillium chrysogenum culture (3.77 IU/ml). Submerged fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were carried out to obtain secondary metabolites for the evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidative potentials. The TPC of fungal extracts ranged from 12.37 to 89.29 mg GAE/g dry extract and the IC value of scavenging activity from 26.64 to 547.23 μg/ml. The P. chrysogenum strain 50 (MH392736) was found to have the potentially highest total phenolic content and a high antioxidant capacity. This is the first report on the characterisation of fungal endophytes from R. densiflora and their antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials.
MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt. [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS] Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32 (published: 26th January, 2018)
abstract
The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).
ABDEL-SATER M.A., MOUBASHER A.H., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2016): Diversity of filamentous and yeast fungi in soil of citrus and grapevine plantations in the Assiut region, Egypt. [Mycobiota, biodiversity, phenotypic and biochemical characterisation, ITS sequence, Coniochaeta canina, Aspergillus stella-maris] Czech Mycology 68(2): 183-214 (published: 20th December, 2016)
abstract
An extensive survey of soil mycobiota on citrus and grapevine plantations in Sahel-Saleem City, Assiut Governorate, Egypt was carried out using the dilution-plate method and 2 isolation media at 25 °C. Sixty-four genera and 195 species of filamentous fungi and 10 genera and 13 species of yeasts were recovered. A higher diversity (number of genera and species) and gross total counts were recovered from citrus than from grapevine soil. The peak of filamentous fungi recovered from both soils was found to be in February. Aspergillus (45 species) was the most dominant genus; A. ochraceus predominated in citrus plantations, while A. niger and A. aculeatus in grapevine. The Penicillium count came second after Aspergillus in citrus (23 species) and after Aspergillus and Fusarium in grapevine (11 species).Penicillium citrinum, P. ochrochloron and P. olsonii were more common in citrus plantations, but they were replaced by P. oxalicum in grapevine soil. Fusarium (19 species) was represented in 88.9–100% of both soils on both media; F. solani predominated in both soils, while F. incarnatum came next in citrus, and F. babinda and F. oxysporum in grapevine. Humicola (3 species) with the dominant H. fuscoatra was recorded in 61.1–83.3% of soil of both plantations, while Talaromyces (with T. purpureogenus followed by T. pinophilus being the most common) was recorded in 83.3–100% on DRBC and 38.9–50% on DYM from the soil of plantations of both crops. Volutella (5 species) was common in citrus but missing from grapevine soil. The present study reveals that hyaline fungi predominated over dark-coloured ones. Yeasts comprised only minor proportions in both soils (maximum 0.5%). They showed their peak in the soil of citrus plantations in April and in grapevine in February. All species were recovered in one or two samples only. Diutina catenulata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces (3 species), Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus were encountered in citrus only, while Cryptococcus laurentii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp. in grapevine only. Physiological and growth characteristics were obtained for most of the recovered yeasts.
ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri. [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism] Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22 (published: 10th April, 2015)
abstract
Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.
ISMAIL M.A., ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., HUSSEIN N.A., ABDEL-HAMEED N.A. (2013): Contribution to physiological and biochemical diagnostics of Fusarium taxa commonly isolated in Egypt. [Fusarium, taxonomy, physiological features, acetylmethylcarbinol, diagnostic] Czech Mycology 65(1): 133-150 (published: 10th June, 2013)
abstract
Fusarium isolates belonging to 24 species and 8 sections were subjected to 11 growth, physiological and biochemical tests (166 isolates). All species were able to grow on 25% Glycerol nitrate agar (G25N), Mannitol medium, Czapek iprodione dichloran agar (CZID) and Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar (DCPA). Growth rate, colony colour and reverse on G25N and CZID were promising diagnostic criteria for separating species within sections. The growth rate and reverse on Mannitol agar was diagnostic not only for separation of F. oxysporum from F. solani, but also for separation of many other Fusarium species treated. The ability to grow on Tannin-sucrose agar could distinguish some species of sections Liseola and Sporotrichiella. Acid production on Creatine-sucrose agar distinguished some species of section Liseola and F. trichothecioides of section Discolor. Acetylmethylcarbinol production revealed for the first time that all isolates of F. subglutinans can produce this substance, while most remaining isolates lacked this ability. Tests for peroxidase, urease and pyrocatechol oxidase proved to be very useful. The phosphatase enzyme seems to be common in Fusarium species and therefore it is only diagnostic for F. camptoceras (negative results). Some physiological features could be used as criteria to distinguish some sections or species within the same section.
ISMAIL M.A., TALIGOOLA H.K., NAKAMYA R. (2008): Mycobiota associated with baby food products imported into Uganda with special reference to aflatoxigenic aspergilli and aflatoxins. [mycobiota, aflatoxigenic aspergilli, aflatoxins, imported baby foods] Czech Mycology 60(1): 75-89 (published: 4th July, 2008)
abstract
Five baby food products imported into Uganda were collected from different shops and investigated for contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. Forty-two species belonging to 21 genera in addition to some unidentified fungi were recovered on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. Cornflakes followed by Cerelac were the most heavily contaminated products while Heinz mixed cereal was the least. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Fusarium tricinctum and Penicillium oxalicum were the most predominant fungi. On the other hand, using Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar, 34 % of the samples were positive for aflatoxigenic aspergilli. Aflatoxigenic aspergilli constituted 78.8 % of all aspergilli and 4.9 % of all contaminating fungi. Samples from all products were contaminated with aflatoxigenic aspergilli, but samples of Cerelac were the most, while those of Porridge oats were the least. Aflatoxin analysis of food samples revealed that 9 out of 13 analysed samples were contaminated with aflatoxins in the range of 1–10 ppb (6 samples) and 11–20 ppb (3 samples). Only samples of Cerelac were aflatoxin–free, although aflatoxigenic aspergilli were detected in some samples. It was noted that samples of Cerelac had the least moisture content compared to the other products. Contaminated foods constitute a health hazard to human consumption. These foods, especially those for babies, must therefore be examined at regular intervals in order to assess their hygienic quality.
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