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Search for "FUSARIUM": 145 articles found in Index.

ISMAIL M.A., ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., HUSSEIN N.A., ABDEL-HAMEED N.A. (2013): Contribution to physiological and biochemical diagnostics of Fusarium taxa commonly isolated in Egypt.   [Fusarium, taxonomy, physiological features, acetylmethylcarbinol, diagnostic]  Czech Mycology 65(1): 133-150   (published: 10th June, 2013)
  abstract   Fusarium isolates belonging to 24 species and 8 sections were subjected to 11 growth, physiological and biochemical tests (166 isolates). All species were able to grow on 25% Glycerol nitrate agar (G25N), Mannitol medium, Czapek iprodione dichloran agar (CZID) and Dichloran chloramphenicol peptone agar (DCPA). Growth rate, colony colour and reverse on G25N and CZID were promising diagnostic criteria for separating species within sections. The growth rate and reverse on Mannitol agar was diagnostic not only for separation of F. oxysporum from F. solani, but also for separation of many other Fusarium species treated. The ability to grow on Tannin-sucrose agar could distinguish some species of sections Liseola and Sporotrichiella. Acid production on Creatine-sucrose agar distinguished some species of section Liseola and F. trichothecioides of section Discolor. Acetylmethylcarbinol production revealed for the first time that all isolates of F. subglutinans can produce this substance, while most remaining isolates lacked this ability. Tests for peroxidase, urease and pyrocatechol oxidase proved to be very useful. The phosphatase enzyme seems to be common in Fusarium species and therefore it is only diagnostic for F. camptoceras (negative results). Some physiological features could be used as criteria to distinguish some sections or species within the same section.

TALIGOOLA H.K., ISMAIL M.A., CHEBON S.K. (2011): Mycobiota and aflatoxins associated with imported rice grains stored in Uganda.   [rice grain, xerophilic fungi, nephrotoxigenic penicillia, Fusarium, aflatoxins]  Czech Mycology 63(1): 93-107   (published: 10th August, 2011)
  abstract   Milled rice grains imported into Uganda from Pakistan were investigated for natural contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. The direct plating method using five isolation media was used to enumerate and isolate the fungi during a 270-day storage period. Fungi were isolated and identified to species level and the percentage contamination levels were calculated. A total of 35 species belonging to 16 genera were recorded. The broadest species spectrum were found in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotium and Fusarium, which were represented by 11, 7, 4, and 3 species, respectively. Throughout the storage period, xerophilic fungi including Aspergillus candidus, Eurotium amstelodami and E. chevalieri were predominantly isolated. Species of the genus Penicillium (particularly P. pinophilum) and its teleomorph Talaromyces ranked second in predominance, while Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. and other field fungi occurred only sporadically. Aflatoxins were recorded in rice samples during most storage periods with one sample recording 20–50 ppb. The moisture content increased in rice grains attaining values of over 14 % from the 180th day of storage onwards. A positive correlation was observed between moisture content and incidence of xerophiles, including A. candidus and E. amstelodami.

PIECKOVÁ E., JESENSKÁ Z. (2002): Fusarium moniliforme, F. subglutinans and Aspergillus flavus in maize products in Slovakia.   [Fusarium moniliforme, F. subglutinans, Aspergillusflavus, mycotoxins, maize]  Czech Mycology 53(3): 229-235   (published: 10th January, 2002)
  abstract   Ubiquitous microfungi Fusarium moniliforme, F. subglutinans, F. proliferatum represent frequent contaminants of maize products and can produce some mycotoxins: beauvericin, fusaproliferin and, the most important, fumonisins A₁, A₂, B₁-B₄, C₁ etc. Fumonisins are known to cause serious veterinary, and potentially human, mycotoxicosis. The aim of our study was to characterize the incidence of F. moniliforme and F. subglutinans in the presence of Aspergillus flavus in maize products produced in Slovakia during a four-years period. One hundred and forty samples of maize grain, groat, semolina, flour, and 28 samples of maize straw, corn husk, corn silk and soil from the maize fields were mycologically evaluated for the named strains using potato-dextrose agar with 0.02 % chloramphenicol and 0.3 % of 0.2 % Botran and incubation in dark at 25⁰C for 7-10 days. No Fusarium sp. and A. flavus strains were present in 40 % of the maize samples. The highest number of F. monili for me, F. subglutinans and A. flavus isolates were encountered in flour samples in 1996 (4 264 cfu/g on average), in groat in 1998 (17 743.7 cfu/g on average), and in groat in 1996 (353 cfu/g on average). Twenty two per cent A. flavus isolates and 10 F. moniliforme strains were tested for their ability to produce aflatoxins, or fumonisin B₁, in vitro. No aflatoxin-producing A. flavus isolate was found, but all tested F. moniliforme strains produced fumonisin B₁ in amounts detectable by TLC. According to the results presented in this paper it is evident that strains of F. moniliforme, F. subglutinans and A. flavus were not very important contaminants of maize products from crops harvested in 1995-98 in Slovakia.

OSTRÝ V., RUPRICH J., KOŽÍŠEK J. (1998): Determination of toxigenic Fusarium spp. in the domestic wheat - using the ICFM methodological recommendation.   [Fusarium spp., wheat, isolation, identification, mycotoxins, food mycology]  Czech Mycology 50(4): 313-323   (published: 12th July, 1998)
  abstract   Fifty one food wheat samples from three production regions in the Czech Republic have been mycologically examined in this study. Fusarium species were isolated by them ethod of grain rinse with sterile 0.1 % pepton in water and by the method of direct plating of grains after their surface sterilization. Czapek Dox Iprodione Dichlorane Agar (CZID) was used for cultivation. The methodological procedures used issued from there commendation of the International Commission of Food Mycology (ICFM). The identification of the isolated strains has been done accordingto Nelson et al. (1983) and by comparingwith collection strains of the genus Fusarium (Czech Collection of Microorganisms in Brno - CCM). Standardization of the above-mentioned mycological methods in food mycology is necessary for making collaborative studies and also for possibilities of comparison of results obtained in different time. Fusarium spp. isolated from food wheat samples of showed the greatest frequency in the following order: Fusarium graminearum, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides, F. reticulatum and F. solani. The methodological procedure is recommended for determination of toxigenic Fusariumspp. in wheat and other cereals after a harvest and for comparison of results obtained both between individual production regions and in individual years.

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P. (1990): Key to histological identification of causative agents in systemic mycoses II.  Česká Mykologie 44(2): 65-76   (published: 22nd June, 1990)
  abstract   Based on authors’ experience and data from literature the key suggests identification of microscopical fungi according to morphology of mycotic elements found in histological sections from human and animal tissues. Part II: Concise information about species and varieties comprising remarks on occurrence and character of diseases in humans and animals, morphology of fungi in tissues and histopathological pictures.

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P. (1989): Key to histological identification of causative agents in systemic mycoses I.  Česká Mykologie 44(1): 1-13   (published: 22nd February, 1990)
  abstract   Based on authors' experience and data from literature the key suggests identification of microscopical fungi according to morphology of mycotic elements found in histological sections from human and animal tissues. Part I: Introduction. Extent and contents of the key. Diagnostic features. Survey of taxa. Key.

OTČENÁŠEK M., DVOŘÁK J. (1985): Fungi infecting man. Taxonomy of agents of human mycoses in an alphabetical survey.  Česká Mykologie 39(3): 155-164   (published: 1985)
  abstract   An orientational survey of taxonomy of fungi which have been described as agents of human mycoses is given. An alphabetical list of 163 agents contains data on synonyms of the individual species and organs afflicted by them. The literature citation of the earliest paper calling attention to pathogenicity is provided. Current nomenclature of anamorph and teleomorph stages and their mutual relation is discussed.

BRASLAVSKÁ O. (1984): Species of the genus Fusarium Link ex Fr. on potatoes in Slovakia.  Česká Mykologie 38(4): 243-245   (published: 1984)
  abstract   On infected potato tubers in Slovakia (1979–1981), seven Fusarium species were identified. F. sambucinum and F. solani were the most frequent.

MINTER D.W. (1981): Microfungi on needles, twigs and cones of pines in Czechoslovakia.  Česká Mykologie 35(2): 90-101   (published: 1981)
  abstract   One hundred and forty-seven species of microfungi are listed from rotting needles, twigs and cones of pines in Czechoslovakia (mostly from Bohemia). Thirty-seven of these are reported as new from this region. The Czechoslovak pine mycoflora is compared briefly with those of other countries and is found more varied than any previously recorded.

HOLUBOVÁ-JECHOVÁ V. (1970): The internal rots of Brazil nuts.  Česká Mykologie 24(4): 207-214   (published: 29th October, 1970)
  abstract   The author isolated and identified fungi causing the internal decay of Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa). The fungi included Absidia blakesleeana, A. cylindrospora, Circinella muscae, Cunninghamella elegans, Rhizopus arrhizus, R. nigricans, R. oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, A. tamarii, A. wentii, Fusarium javanicum, Penicillium frequentans, P. cf. phialosporum, P. wortmanni, Trichoderma viride and Verticillium sp. These fungi were found in nuts with normal appearance but internal spoilage, and were responsible for rancidity and bitterness of the kernels.

JECHOVÁ V. (1965): Some fungal parasits of Digitalis lanata Ehrh.  Česká Mykologie 19(1): 57-63   (published: 1965)
  abstract   The fungi causing diseases of cultivated Digitalis lanata in 1962–1963 include Colletotrichum fuscum, Fusarium oxysporum, and Botrytis cinerea. Their morphology, biology, and symptoms are described. These pathogens spread mainly through seeds and plant debris and further by rain, wind, insects, or cultivation activities.

BENADA J. (1963): Einige Eigenschaften des orangeroten Pigmentes des Schneeschimmels - Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces. - und sein diagnostischer Wert.  Česká Mykologie 17(2): 98-101   (published: 9th April, 1963)

PILÁT A. (1958): Protodontia piceicola (Kühner) Martin in montibus Carpaticis Orientalibus (URSS).  Česká Mykologie 12(3): 187-189   (published: 20th July, 1958)

HOFMAN B. (1958): Rare micromycetes from Peklo valley near Nové Město n. M.  Česká Mykologie 12(3): 185-187   (published: 20th July, 1958)

KOCKOVÁ A., KUTKOVÁ M., PETROVÁ M. (1958): Die Arten der Gattung Fusarium, welche die Herzfäulnis der Zuckerrübe im Jahre 1956 in der Slowakei verursachten.  Česká Mykologie 12(2): 83-94   (published: 20th April, 1958)

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1958): Über die Variabilität der Gattungsmerkmale bei den Nebengattungen der imperfekten Pilze Fusarium Link und Cephalosporium Corda.  Česká Mykologie 12(1): 15-22   (published: 20th January, 1958)

KOTLABA F. (1956): Návrh na vypracování závazného českého názvosloví vyšších hub.  Česká Mykologie 10(2): 97-99   (published: 30th June, 1956)

PŘÍHODA A. (1956): Fusarium na vajíčkách pilatky dubové - Apethymus braccatus (Gmelin).  Česká Mykologie 10(2): 94-97   (published: 30th June, 1956)

HROUDA P., KŘÍŽ M. (2024): Orthography of Pilatian names: establishing the correct epithets with regard to Latin and nomenclatural rules.   [Albert Pilát, code, genitive form, MycoBank, nomenclature, orthographic variant.]  Czech Mycology 76(2): 175-190   (published: 18th December, 2024)
  abstract   The contribution deals with the issue of specific or subspecific epithets published by various authors in different forms, alberti/albertii or pilati/pilatii, and currently mostly maintained with the termination -ii in official repositories for names, especially the MycoBank and Index Fungorum databases. A view into the protologues of each name dedicated to Albert Pilát clearly shows that different terminations have been applied in different periods, and that relevant recommendations of the International Code of Nomenclature have also evolved over time. The orthographic variants alberti and pilati are in principle correct, based on the Latinised form of Pilát’s full name. Thus the original names of the involved taxa are to be maintained or resurrected if such epithets were given in their protologues. However, names later formed with the epithets albertii or pilatii appear to be in accordance with the provisions in force at the time. For a complete view of the topic, some examples of seemingly similar epithets created in different ways are mentioned for comparison, and the issue of interpretation of relevant recommendations of the Code is discussed in general. Finally, different approaches to nomenclatural stability are stated as a matter to be resolved in the upcoming Madrid Code.

KRUPODOROVA T., BARSHTEYN V., KIZITSKA T., RATUSHNYAK V., BLUME Y. (2023): Antagonistic activity of selected macromycetes against two harmful micromycetes.   [ascomycetes, Aspergillus niger, basidiomycetes, dual-culture, Penicillium polonicum.]  Czech Mycology 75(1): 85-100   (published: 23rd June, 2023)
  abstract   Competition between 31 macromycete species and two harmful micromycetes Aspergillus niger and Penicillium polonicum was evaluated using dual-culture plate assay. All investigated fungi, except for Inonotus obliquus and Lepista luscina, possessed different levels of antagonistic activity against the tested micromycetes. Hypsizygus marmoreus and Lyophyllum shimeji were inactive against A. niger. Morchella esculenta and Oxyporus obducens were passive in the case of co-growth with P. polonicum. The study of fungal interactions showed variability in types of reactions and level of their visualisation. Co-cultivation of the studied species resulted in the following reactions: deadlock after mycelial contact and at a distance, partial or complete replacement after initial deadlock on contact. In general, the studied macromycetes showed moderate activity against the two micromycetes, as 11 species showed active and 7 species moderate antagonism. Results revealed higher antagonistic activity of macromycetes against P. polonicum than in A. niger co-cultures. Wood-decaying species Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor were the most active fungi against the two tested micromycetes with a maximal antagonism index. These findings provide valuable insights which can be further explored by means of in vivo assays to find a suitable agent for the biocontrol of diseases or spoilage caused by A. niger and P. polonicum.

GRISHKAN I., TEMINA M. (2023): Diversity of microfungal communities inside saxicolous lichens from Nahal Oren, Mount Carmel, Israel.   [endolichenic fungi, lichen thallus, melanised fungi, microclimatic contrast, rock surface.]  Czech Mycology 75(1): 15-34   (published: 28th March, 2023)   Electronic supplement
  abstract   In this study, we examined the endolichenic fungal communities of saxicolous lichens covering the rocks in the Nahal Oren valley, northern Israel. A total of 60 fungal species belonging to 35 genera were isolated from six lichen species collected in the summer and winter on the south-facing slope (SFS) and north-facing slope (NFS) of the valley. We verified that rocks serve as a possible source for the formation of endolichenic communities because communities colonising lichen thalli and the rock surface shared 39% of species and clustered together on the SFS. On the NFS, with a comparatively favourable microclimate, lichen thalli abundantly harboured typical soil fungi such as Clonostachys rosea and Fusarium spp. in winter and summer, respectively. At the same time, more severe environmental conditions on the SFS facilitated the prevalence of melanised fungi with thick-walled and multicellular spores irrespective of season. The lowest species richness and isolate densities of endolichenic communities were registered in the thalli of Collema cristatum. This decrease, especially expressed in the summer, was probably associated with the antifungal effect of substances produced by its cyanobiont, as well as with the heavy dehydration of thalli during the dry season.

KOUKOL O., MAGDALINOU E., PÁNKOVÁ H., BOROVIČKA J., MÜNZBERGOVÁ Z. (2022): Do microclimatic conditions in two forest types on serpentine bedrock affect culturable microfungi in pine litter needles?   [fungal diversity, ITS rDNA, temperature and humidity, Pinus sylvestris.]  Czech Mycology 74(2): 181-194   (published: 24th November, 2022)
  abstract   Microfungi colonising coniferous needles in litter were intensively studied in previous decades, but forest stands on serpentine soils have been overlooked. Also, the effects of microclimatic conditions on fungal communities in coniferous litter are unknown. In our study, we aimed to characterise communities of culturable microfungi colonising pine litter needles collected from two types of Scots pine forest growing on serpentine bedrock, i.e. dense forest with relatively stable microclimatic conditions and open-canopy forest on exposed rock with highly variable conditions. The composition of their fungal communities was analysed in respect to microclimatic conditions at the collection sites. Using a combination of phenotypic and molecular data (sequences of ITS rDNA), 35 taxa were distinguished in 1078 fungal colonies recorded, out of which 25 were identified to the species level. Fungal communities were most affected by needle type (litter vs. fermentation layer) followed by maximum temperature during the previous five months. Interestingly, a higher number and abundance of species were recorded at the warmer site, in the open-canopy forest. Dominant fungi recorded in this study (Desmazierella acicola, Phacidium lacerum and Scleroconidioma sphagnicola) were mostly identical to those recorded in previous studies and the occurrence of less abundant taxa previously not recorded in pine litter suggests that the uppermost litter layer represents an important reservoir of fungal diversity.

AL-TOUBI A.S.S., AL-SADI A.M., AL-MAHMOOLI I.H., AL-HARRASI M.M.A., AL-SABAHI J.N., VELAZHAHAN R. (2022): Volatile organic compounds emitted by mycoparasitic fungi Hypomyces perniciosus and Cladobotryum mycophilum suppress the growth of Agaricus bisporus.   [antifungal, cobweb, ethanol, wet bubble, white button mushroom.]  Czech Mycology 74(2): 141-152   (published: 14th November, 2022)
  abstract   Hypomyces perniciosus and Cladobotryum mycophilum are mycoparasitic fungi infecting Agaricus bisporus and causing wet bubble and cobweb diseases, respectively. In this work, the role of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by these fungal mycoparasites in the suppression of A. bisporus was investigated. The VOCs of H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum effectively reduced the mycelial growth of A. bisporus by 60% and 73% after 5 days of incubation, respectively, compared to that of the control as assessed by the two-sealed-base-plates assay. Further, the VOCs of H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum were collected in a headspace solid-phase microextraction procedure, and their components analysed by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Ethanol was identified as the major volatile component in H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum. Ethanol vapour significantly retarded the growth of A. bisporus in an in vitro assay. The results of this study suggest that ethanol produced by H. perniciosus and C. mycophilum could be involved in the suppression of A. bisporus.

NOVOTNÝ D. (2022): Contribution to the endophytic mycobiota of aerial parts of oaks.   [endophytes, Czech Republic, Quercus robur, Quercus petraea, acorns, seeds, twigs.]  Czech Mycology 74(2): 111-121   (published: 1st July, 2022)
  abstract   The endophytic mycobiota inhabiting branches of Quercus petraea from two localities in the Křivoklát area, and branches, twigs and acorns of Quercus robur from one locality near the town of Semily were studied (all sites in the Czech Republic). Seventeen fungal taxa were isolated from branches of Q. petraea. Dominant fungi were found to be Colpoma quercinum and Phoma sp. as well as sterile dark mycelium and a black yeast-like fungus close to Sarcinomyces crustaceus. Eighteen fungal taxa were found in samples of aerial parts in Quercus robur. The most frequently isolated taxa were Pezicula cinnamomea, Colpoma quercinum, Alternaria alternata agg. and Acremonium sp.

PANCHAL S., MURALI T.S., SURYANARAYANAN T.S., SANYAL K. (2022): Hypersaline fungi as a source of potentially active metabolites against pathogenic Candida species.   [antifungal, bioprospecting, filamentous fungi, extremotolerant, hypersaline environment.]  Czech Mycology 74(1): 93-101   (published: 22nd April, 2022)
  abstract   Opportunistic and nosocomial human infections by various Candida species are of serious global health concern especially due to the spread of drug resistant strains and lack of treatment options. One of the main problems of bioprospecting for novel antimycotics is the rediscovery of already known molecules. To reduce the chances of such rediscoveries, one option is to search for unique metabolites from microbes of less studied and extreme habitats. Thirty-five fungal strains were isolated from solar salterns and the methanolic extracts of their culture supernatants were tested for the inhibition of human-pathogenic Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, and two clinical isolates of C. auris. Of the fungi screened, two, viz. Curvularia nodosa and Fusarium cf. foetens, showed significant growth inhibition of all the Candida species. Although the effective molecules were not identified in this preliminary screening, it highlights the importance of bioprospecting fungi from extreme environments which have been neglected in the search for novel antibiotics.

DEEPTHI A.S., RAY J.G. (2021): Ecological relevance of the endophytic fungal diversity in velamen roots of tropical epiphytic orchids.   [epiphytes, Orchidaceae, root-associated endophytes, Trichoderma, Endomelanconiopsis, Lasiodiplodia.]  Czech Mycology 73(1): 91-108   (published: 17th May, 2021)
  abstract   The velamen roots in epiphytic orchids are rather complex, and their environmental role remains poorly understood. Fungal associates are known in the velamen roots of tropical orchids, but the magnitude of their diversity in particular species remains unknown. The primary aim of this work was to explore endophytic fungal species associated with the velamen roots of three tropical epiphytic orchids. Velamen roots were collected from 30 plants of Rhynchostylis retusa and 25 plants each of Epidendrum radicans and Oncidium sphacelatum. Endophytic fungi were isolated from 2160 segments. Twenty species of velamen-root-associated fungal endophytes were separated with a culture technique. The isolated strains were grouped into morphotypes, subsequently identified morphologically and by means of ITS DNA barcoding. Ascomycota were the dominant group with 18 species. Trichoderma cf. asperellum, Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Trichoderma cf. atroviride and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the most frequent taxa isolated. A majority of the identified fungi were common to more than one orchid. Colonisation rate, isolation rate, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species richness and species evenness of the endophytic fungi from different orchids were studied and were tested for significance with the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The colonisation rate and isolation rate of fungal associates in the velamen roots were found to be distinctly the lowest in Rhynchostylis retusa.

SANTIAGO K.A.A., DELA CRUZ T.E.E., TING A.S.Y. (2021): Diversity and bioactivity of endolichenic fungi in Usnea lichens of the Philippines.   [antibacterial, anticandidal, antioxidant, lichen-associated, Sagada.]  Czech Mycology 73(1): 1-19   (published: 14th January, 2021)   Electronic supplement
  abstract   Endolichenic fungi (ELF; asymptomatic microorganisms living inside healthy lichen thalli) were isolated from three Usnea species, namely U. baileyi, U. bismolliuscula and U. pectinata, collected near the town of Sagada, Philippines. A total of 101 ELF were recovered representing 12 genera (classes Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes), with the genera Nemania (50.5%, 51 isolates) and Xylaria (22.8%, 23 isolates) being the most abundant. Comparative analyses on the antimicrobial activities of lichens and ELF revealed that lichen crude extracts were effective against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans, while ELF crude extracts were effective against S. aureus, C. albicans and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The broad-spectrum nature of ELF has provided medicinal and industrial advantages over the slow-growing lichens as shown on their respective bioactivities. Extracts from ELF also had a higher total flavonoid content (TFC; 6.29–85.69 mg QE/g of extract) and stronger antioxidant activities (IC₅₀: 0.57–19.63 mg/ml) than lichen-derived extracts. Although only culturable ELF were identified, this study provides the first evaluation of the diversity and bioactivities of culturable ELF from fruticose lichens of the genus Usnea in the Philippines.

BHAVANA N.S., PRAKASH H.S., NALINI M.S. (2019): Antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials of fungal endophytes from Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), an ethnomedicinal species of Western Ghats.   [India, endophytic fungi, Penicillium chrysogenum, antioxidant, L-asparaginase, phenolic content.]  Czech Mycology 71(2): 187-203   (published: 19th December, 2019)
  abstract   This study focuses on the isolation and molecular characterisation of fungal endophytes from an ethnomedicinal plant, Rauvolfia densiflora (Apocynaceae), and an evaluation of antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials. Fungal endophytes were isolated from leaf and stem parts of R. densiflora collected from the site of Talacauvery, Western Ghats, India. The highest colonisation frequency was found in leaves (95.5%), followed by stem parts (63.5%). A total of 19 fungal morphotypes belonging to 11 genera were identified by analysing the ITS sequences of the endophytes. The strains were screened for asparaginase production by qualitative plate assay and quantification by Nesslerisation. Maximum activity was recorded in the Penicillium chrysogenum culture (3.77 IU/ml). Submerged fermentation and ethyl acetate extraction were carried out to obtain secondary metabolites for the evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidative potentials. The TPC of fungal extracts ranged from 12.37 to 89.29 mg GAE/g dry extract and the IC value of scavenging activity from 26.64 to 547.23 μg/ml. The P. chrysogenum strain 50 (MH392736) was found to have the potentially highest total phenolic content and a high antioxidant capacity. This is the first report on the characterisation of fungal endophytes from R. densiflora and their antioxidative and L-asparaginase potentials.

NOVOTNÝ D., LUKÁŠ J., BROŽOVÁ J., RŮŽIČKOVÁ P. (2019): Comparison of the occurrence of fungi causing postharvest diseases of apples grown in organic and integrated production systems in orchards in the Czech Republic.   [Malus domestica, organic production, integrated production, Neofabraea, Penicillium.]  Czech Mycology 71(1): 99-121   (published: 28th June, 2019)
  abstract   During the years 2013–2015, the occurrence of fungi causing postharvest diseases of apples was evaluated in three apple orchards with integrated and organic production systems in the Czech Republic. The postharvest disease fungi were more frequently recorded in fruits from organically cultivated apple trees (average 29.97%) than those from integrated production (17.67%). This difference is statistically significant. Neofabraea, Penicillium, Alternaria and a sterile grey mycelium were the most frequently recorded taxa in apples grown in organic and integrated production systems. There were also significant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the most frequent fungal taxa between years. In 2013 and 2014, Neofabraea was the most frequently isolated genus in both cultivation systems, whereas in 2015, Penicillium was the most frequently recorded genus also in both cultivation systems, which was likely caused by the low precipitation in the 2015 growing season.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., KUBÁTOVÁ A., SKLENÁŘ F., HUBKA V. (2018): Microscopic fungi on cadavers and skeletons from cave and mine environments   [European caves, abandoned mines, dead bodies, bones, mammals, frogs, spiders, isopods, micromycetes]  Czech Mycology 70(2): 101-121   (published: 19th August, 2018)
  abstract   During long-term studies of microscopic fungi in 80 European caves and mine environments many cadavers and skeletons of animals inhabiting these environments and various animal visitors were found, some of them with visible microfungal growth. Direct isolation, the dilution plate method and various types of isolation media were used. The resulting spectrum of isolated fungi is presented and compared with records about their previous isolation. Compared to former studies focused mainly on bat mycobiota, this paper contributes to a wider knowledge of fungal assemblages colonising various animal bodies in underground environments.The most interesting findings include ascocarps of Acaulium caviariforme found abundant on mammals cadavers, while Botryosporium longibrachiatum isolated from frogs, Chaetocladium jonesiae from bats and Penicillium vulpinum from spiders represent the first records of these species from cadavers or skeletons.

MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt.   [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS]  Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32   (published: 26th January, 2018)
  abstract   The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).

ŠAFRÁNKOVÁ I., HOLKOVÁ L. (2017): First record of Pythium mastophorum on celery seedlings in the Czech Republic.   [soil pathogen, Apium graveolens var. rapaceum, root rot]  Czech Mycology 69(2): 133-142   (published: 11th October, 2017)
  abstract   Pythium root rot of celery seedlings was found in greenhouses in South Moravia in the spring of 2015. Based on morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequences, the causal organism was identified as Pythium mastophorum. The pot inoculation test demonstrated that P. mastophorum was pathogenic to celery and parsley. This is the first report of Pythium mastophorum causing stunting and yellowing leaves, discolouration and rot of root tips and possible plant death of celery in the Czech Republic.

ABDEL-SATER M.A., MOUBASHER A.H., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2016): Diversity of filamentous and yeast fungi in soil of citrus and grapevine plantations in the Assiut region, Egypt.   [Mycobiota, biodiversity, phenotypic and biochemical characterisation, ITS sequence, Coniochaeta canina, Aspergillus stella-maris]  Czech Mycology 68(2): 183-214   (published: 20th December, 2016)
  abstract   An extensive survey of soil mycobiota on citrus and grapevine plantations in Sahel-Saleem City, Assiut Governorate, Egypt was carried out using the dilution-plate method and 2 isolation media at 25 °C. Sixty-four genera and 195 species of filamentous fungi and 10 genera and 13 species of yeasts were recovered. A higher diversity (number of genera and species) and gross total counts were recovered from citrus than from grapevine soil. The peak of filamentous fungi recovered from both soils was found to be in February. Aspergillus (45 species) was the most dominant genus; A. ochraceus predominated in citrus plantations, while A. niger and A. aculeatus in grapevine. The Penicillium count came second after Aspergillus in citrus (23 species) and after Aspergillus and Fusarium in grapevine (11 species).Penicillium citrinum, P. ochrochloron and P. olsonii were more common in citrus plantations, but they were replaced by P. oxalicum in grapevine soil. Fusarium (19 species) was represented in 88.9–100% of both soils on both media; F. solani predominated in both soils, while F. incarnatum came next in citrus, and F. babinda and F. oxysporum in grapevine. Humicola (3 species) with the dominant H. fuscoatra was recorded in 61.1–83.3% of soil of both plantations, while Talaromyces (with T. purpureogenus followed by T. pinophilus being the most common) was recorded in 83.3–100% on DRBC and 38.9–50% on DYM from the soil of plantations of both crops. Volutella (5 species) was common in citrus but missing from grapevine soil. The present study reveals that hyaline fungi predominated over dark-coloured ones. Yeasts comprised only minor proportions in both soils (maximum 0.5%). They showed their peak in the soil of citrus plantations in April and in grapevine in February. All species were recovered in one or two samples only. Diutina catenulata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces (3 species), Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus were encountered in citrus only, while Cryptococcus laurentii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp. in grapevine only. Physiological and growth characteristics were obtained for most of the recovered yeasts.

PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., KOKA J.A. (2016): Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review.   [biological control, postharvest diseases, microbial pesticides, rosaceous fruits]  Czech Mycology 68(1): 41-66   (published: 1st February, 2016)
  abstract   This article aims to give a comprehensive review on the use of microbial antagonists (fungi and bacteria), botanicals and compost extracts as biocontrol agents against different pathogenic fungi causing postharvest fungal rots in rosaceous fruits which shows that they can play an important role in the biomanagement of fungi causing rot diseases. Plant extracts reported in the literature against pathogenic fungi indicate that they can act as a good biological resource for producing safe biofungicides. However most of the work has been done under experimental conditions rather than field conditions. There is still a need for research to develop suitable formulations of biofungicides from these microbial biocontrol agents and plant extracts. The review reveals that extensive ecological research is also required in order to achieve optimum utilisation of biological resources to manage various postharvest diseases of fruits.

ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri.   [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism]  Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22   (published: 10th April, 2015)
  abstract   Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.

ONDRÁČKOVÁ E., ONDŘEJ M., PROKINOVÁ E., NESRSTA M. (2013): Mycoparasitic fungi reducing the incidence and virulence of Bipolaris sorokiniana.   [mycoparasitic activity, mycoparasitic fungi, Clonostachys, Trichoderma, Bipolaris sorokiniana]  Czech Mycology 65(1): 103-112   (published: 10th June, 2013)
  abstract   The mycoparasitic efficiency of 28 strains/isolates of Clonostachys rosea f. rosea and Clonostachys rosea f. catenulata against the pathogenic fungus Bipolaris sorokiniana was determined in dual cultures on Czapek-Dox nutrient agar. Strains with low and medium efficiency were antagonistically inhibited by B. sorokiniana, and inhibitory zones were formed between the colonies of both fungi. The mycelium of Clonostachys strains with high efficiency overgrew and degraded B. sorokiniana colonies without formation of an inhibitory zone. In dual cultures, Trichoderma sp. and the most effective Clonostachys strains degraded B. sorokiniana colonies within 3 to 5 and 12 to 15 days, respectively.When rye seeds were treated with a mixture of C. rosea f. rosea, Trichoderma sp. and B. sorokiniana, development of B. sorokiniana on both seeds and seedlings was reduced when compared with a B. sorokiniana treatment. The treatment of rye seeds with Clonostachys and Trichoderma had a positive effect on seed germination and seedling length.

SAWMYA K., VASUDEVAN T.G., MURALI T.S. (2013): Fungal endophytes from two orchid species - pointer towards organ specificity.   [fungal endophytes, environment, orchids, Bulbophyllum neilgherrense, Pholidota pallida]  Czech Mycology 65(1): 89-101   (published: 10th June, 2013)
  abstract   Fungal endophytes may influence plant communities by altering the host’s fitness either positively or negatively. Little is known, however, about their host/organ specificity, life style and role in plantfungus symbiosis under varying environmental conditions. We compared the leaf and root endophyte assemblages of two orchids (Bulbophyllum neilgherrense and Pholidota pallida) from natural forests and greenhouse conditions. Xylariaceae species were consistently associated with leaf and root tissues, while Guignardia and Pestalotiopsis were found predominantly in the leaf tissues of both orchids. Correspondence analysis of the endophyte assemblages showed that the endophytes exhibited distinct organ but little host specificity. More endophytes were shared by the two different orchids growing in the same location when compared to endophyte assemblages of a single orchid from different locations. Considering the influence of endophytes in shaping the host’s community, diverse habitats must be screened vigorously to address questions regarding the role of endophytes in hostendophyte interactions.

BÄRLOCHER F., STEWART M., RYDER D. (2011): Analyzing aquatic fungal communities in Australia: impacts of sample incubation and geographic distance of streams.   [aquatic hyphomycetes, zoosporic fungi, spore production, aeration vs. static incubation, temperature, geographic distance]  Czech Mycology 63(2): 113-132   (published: 10th August, 2011)
  abstract   Fungal colonization of Eucalyptus viminalis exposed in three streams (two sites each) near Armidale (NSW Tablelands, Australia) was characterized by measuring reproduction from recovered leaves in aerated and static water. Spore production for zoosporic and mitosporic fungi increased by up to 220 % and 310 %, respectively, in aerated water. Percentage similarities of aquatic hyphomycete communities between pairs of aerated and static samples from the same stream averaged 67.5 %; similarities among samples from different streams averaged 50.3 %. Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP) revealed no significant difference between fungal communities of aerated vs. static treatments summarized over all sites. The fungal communities of substrates from an additional nine streams, primarily from the coast, were characterized in September, 2010. They were compared to those on E. viminalis leaves incubated for four weeks at the original six sites. CAP revealed a significant difference between tableland and coastal fungal communities. Percentage similarities correlated significantly with geographic distance of the streams (R2 = 0.13), their temperature (R2 = 0.46) and their altitude (R2 = 0.65).

ABDULLAH S.K., MONFORT E., ASENSIO L., SALINAS J., LOPEZ LLORCA L.V., JANSSON H.B. (2010): Soil mycobiota of date palm plantations in Elche, SE Spain.   [soil saprotrophic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi, Phoenix dactylifera, isolation methods]  Czech Mycology 61(2): 149-162   (published: 10th August, 2010)
  abstract   The mycobiota of soil from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plantations in Elche, SE Spain was examined using 23 soil samples and five isolation methods. One hundred and nineteen species assigned to 67 genera were isolated. The most frequent species were in decreasing order: Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Neosartorya spinosa, Thielaviopsis punctulata, Chaetomium bostrychodes, Gilmaniella macrospora, Aspergillus candidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus microsporus, Sordaria fimicola, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium murorum, Fusarium solani, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium citrinum and Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The thermotolerant and thermophilic species of Malbranchea cinnamomea, Myriococcum thermophilum, Rhizomucor miehei, Scytalidium thermophilum, Talaromyces emersonii, Thermoascus aurantiacus and Thermomyces lanuginosus were detected in various frequencies of occurrence. Our findings are compared with those from a similar survey of soil from date palm plantations in Iraq. Our study indicates that there is no characteristic mycobiota for soil in date palm plantations except for the more frequent isolation of some species well known as pathogens on date palm.

RAVIKUMAR M., SRIDHAR K.R., SIVAKUMAR T., KARAMCHAND K.S., SIVAKUMAR N., VELLAIYAN R. (2009): Diversity of filamentous fungi on coastal woody debris after tsunami on the southeast coast of India.   [tsunami, Bay of Bengal, southeast coast of India, woody litter, fungal diversity]  Czech Mycology 61(1): 107-115   (published: 29th September, 2009)
  abstract   Five coastal locations on the southeast coast of India severely disturbed after the tsunami on December 26, 2004 were surveyed for the occurrence of filamentous fungi on woody debris by means of short-term (1 month) and long-term (12 months) damp incubation. Short-term incubation revealed 26 mitosporic fungi (8 genera) ranging from 14 to 17 taxa per location with a total frequency of occurrence between 0.4 and 5.6 %. Aspergillus taxa were dominant and six of them were common to all locations.Long-term incubation yielded 35 fungi (25 genera) (22 ascomycetes, 1 basidiomycete and 12 mitosporic fungi). The total fungal taxa per location ranged from 25 to 28 with a total frequency of occurrence of 0.8 to 46.8 %. Corollospora gracilis was the most dominant ascomycete (46.8 %), while Cirrenalia tropicalis and Dictyosporium pelagicum dominated among mitosporic fungi (18 %). The total frequency of occurrence of 11 ascomycetes and four mitosporic fungi was above 10 %. Twelve ascomycetes and two mitosporic fungi were common to all locations. The richness of fungi was higher after long-term than short-term incubation. The occurrence of 61 fungal taxa in this study suggests that the tsunami-dumped woody litter on the southeast coast of India might have at least partially originated from the ocean, thus representing a mosaic of fungi existing in seawater and sediments.

ISMAIL M.A., TALIGOOLA H.K., NAKAMYA R. (2008): Mycobiota associated with baby food products imported into Uganda with special reference to aflatoxigenic aspergilli and aflatoxins.   [mycobiota, aflatoxigenic aspergilli, aflatoxins, imported baby foods]  Czech Mycology 60(1): 75-89   (published: 4th July, 2008)
  abstract   Five baby food products imported into Uganda were collected from different shops and investigated for contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. Forty-two species belonging to 21 genera in addition to some unidentified fungi were recovered on dichloran rose bengal chloramphenicol agar. Cornflakes followed by Cerelac were the most heavily contaminated products while Heinz mixed cereal was the least. Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Fusarium tricinctum and Penicillium oxalicum were the most predominant fungi. On the other hand, using Aspergillus flavus/parasiticus agar, 34 % of the samples were positive for aflatoxigenic aspergilli. Aflatoxigenic aspergilli constituted 78.8 % of all aspergilli and 4.9 % of all contaminating fungi. Samples from all products were contaminated with aflatoxigenic aspergilli, but samples of Cerelac were the most, while those of Porridge oats were the least. Aflatoxin analysis of food samples revealed that 9 out of 13 analysed samples were contaminated with aflatoxins in the range of 1–10 ppb (6 samples) and 11–20 ppb (3 samples). Only samples of Cerelac were aflatoxin–free, although aflatoxigenic aspergilli were detected in some samples. It was noted that samples of Cerelac had the least moisture content compared to the other products. Contaminated foods constitute a health hazard to human consumption. These foods, especially those for babies, must therefore be examined at regular intervals in order to assess their hygienic quality.

OSTRÝ V., ŠKARKOVÁ J., PROCHÁZKOVÁ I., KUBÁTOVÁ A., MALÍŘ F., RUPRICH J. (2007): Mycobiota of Czech wine grapes and occurrence of ochratoxin A and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh grape juice, must and wine.   [mycobiota, grapes, grape juice, wine, ochratoxin A, Alternaria mycotoxins, HPTLC]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 241-254   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   The aim of this study was to monitor the mycobiota of wine grapes, occurrence of ochratoxigenic microfungi in wine grapes and occurrence of ochratoxin A and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh grape juice, must and wine from domestic crops in the year 2004. Thirteen samples of wine grapes (white /nine samples/ and red /four samples/) were collected during harvesting in the Znojmo wine region, SE Moravia. One sample of a wine grape variety was represented by three subsamples of wine grapes, which were sampled in left, middle and right part of the vineyard. Five wine grape berries per bunch were randomly selected, plated onto Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar, and incubated for 5–7 days at 25 °C. Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium herbarum, C. cladosporioides, Penicillium expansum, P. aurantiogriseum, P. spinulosum and Rhizopus nigricans were isolated from the samples. Ochratoxigenic microfungi, e. g. Aspergillus carbonarius, and other species of section Nigri, A. ochraceus, Penicillium verrucosum and P. nordicum, were not found in the samples.The HPTLC method for quantification of ochratoxin A (OTA) and Alternaria mycotoxins (alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), altenuene (ALT), and tenuazonic acid (TeA)) in fresh grape juice (13 samples), must (13 samples) and wine (13 samples) was used. The limit of quantification (LoQ) was 8 ng/l for OTA, 1.5 μg/l for AOH, 1.5 μg/l for AME, 1.5 μg/l for ALT and 7.5 μg/l for TeA.Occurrence of OTA and Alternaria mycotoxins in fresh grape juice, must and wine was not proved.

JANKOWIAK R., ROSSA R., MIŚTA K. (2007): Survey of fungal species vectored by Ips cembrae to European larch trees in Raciborskie forests (Poland).   [ophiostomatoid fungi, Ips cembrae, Larix decidua, fungi associated with bark beetles]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 227-239   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   The species composition of fungi associated with Ips cembrae was studied in the Raciborskie forests, Poland. The fungi were isolated from overwintered adults, larvae, new adults and from galleries at various stages of development. The results showed that there was a great diversity of fungi associated with this insect. We isolated 2877 cultures, including 61 species. The most important group of fungi were ophiostomatoid species. From these, Ceratocystis laricicola, Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and Graphium laricis were commonly detected, whereas eight other species occurred less frequently or sporadically. Ophiostoma ips is documented here as a new associate of I. cembrae. Ceratocystis laricicola was shown to be the primary invader occurring most frequently at early stages of brood development, particularly in the sapwood. Ophiostoma brunneo-ciliatum and G. laricis were secondary invaders following C. laricicola. In the later stages of brood development other ophiostomatoid fungi appeared.

REMEŠOVÁ J., KOLAŘÍK M., PRÁŠIL K. (2007): Microfungi on the kernels of transgenic and non-transgenic maize damaged by the European corn borer.   [Bt-maize, microfungi, plant protection, European corn borer, Zea mays]  Czech Mycology 59(2): 205-213   (published: 28th December, 2007)
  abstract   From 2002–2004 isolations were carried out to determine the kinds and abundance of microfungi from non-transgenic maize kernels damaged by the European corn borer (ECB) and from transgenic Bt-maize (enriched with delta-endotoxin from the soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis). Bt-maize and non-transgenic maize (Zea mays) were grown at Praha-Ruzyně and Ivanovice na Hané, Czech Republic. Thirty-one taxa of filamentous microfungi were isolated, including eight zygomycetes and twenty-three ascomycetes (anamorphic stage). Presence of ECB, corn treatment, year, locality and isolation method significantly accounted for differences in fungus communities. Bt-maize was significantly different from the treatments with non-transgenic hybrids and was often associated with the potentially toxinogenic fungi Alternaria alternata and Epicoccum nigrum. Conversely, Bt-maize had lower incidences of Fusarium spp. and Acremonium strictum.

LYSKOVÁ P. (2007): Saprotrophic microscopic fungi and dermatophytes accompanying infections of the skin and nails of patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic).   [saprotrophic microscopic fungi, dermatophytes, superficial mycose, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis]  Czech Mycology 59(1): 125-137   (published: 28th June, 2007)
  abstract   Over a 19-month period, the spectrum of saprotrophic microscopic fungi isolated from 245 patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic) was analysed. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi were isolated from nails (90 %) and skin (10 %). None was isolated from hair. The material was the most frequently positive for the presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (32.6 %) followed by Cladosporium sphaerospermum (5.3 %), Aspergillus versicolor (4.0 %), Geomyces pannorum (4.0 %) and others.Dermatophytes and saprotrophic microscopic fungi were both studied within one year and represented 1110 isolates. Dermatophytes were isolated in most of the cases and represented 943 isolations (85 %). The saprotrophic microscopic fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a known causative agent of onychomycosis. In the evaluation including dermatophytes it ended in the 3rd position with 5.2 % of isolations behind Trichophyton rubrum (80 %) and T. mentagrophytes (8 %).

Book review - Desjardins A.E.: Fusarium Mycotoxins. Chemistry, Genetics and Biology.  Czech Mycology 58(3-4): 286   (published: 29th December, 2006)

Colloquium „Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - III“ Olomouc, Czech Republic, 2 September 2005.  Czech Mycology 57(3-4): 307-323   (published: 10th February, 2006)
  abstract   The colloquium was a continuation of the previous scientific meetings that took place in Olomouc in 1999 and 2002 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000 and 55: 103-149, 2003). It was organised by the Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The aim of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on experimental mycology in all branches of basic and applied research. Besides two plenary lectures, 8 short communications and 8 posters were presented. In total 32 researchers from the Czech and Slovak Republics took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further development of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

LABUDA R. (2005): Newly recorded Acremonium species from Slovakia: Acremonium atrogriseum, A. roseogriseum, A. spinosum, and Acremonium sp. (anamorph of Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. africana).   [fungi, soil, turkeylitter, Slovakia]  Czech Mycology 57(3-4): 239-248   (published: 10th February, 2006)
  abstract   Four species of the genusAcremonium (Ascomycota, Hypocreales), namely A. atrogriseum, A. roseogriseum, A. spinosum, and Acremonium sp. (teleomoiph Neocosmospora vasinfecta var. africana) hitherto not reported from Slovakia, are described and illustrated here.The former one was isolated from turkey litter, while the latter three were recovered from a soil sample. Representative strains of the fungi are deposited in the Microbiology Department Collection, SUA in Nitra.

HASHEM M. (2004): Biological control of two phytopathogenic fungal species isolated from the rhizoplane of soybean (Glycine max).   [biological control, soybean, Macrophominaphaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani]  Czech Mycology 56(3-4): 223-238   (published: 22nd December, 2004)
  abstract   Two hundred isolates representing 31 fungal species (20 genera) were recovered from soybean roots. Samples were collected from 12 localities at 3 different growth stages of the crop. The most dominant species were Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium solani (Nectria haematococca), Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani. Pathogenicity tests have proved the ability of Macrophomina phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani to infect soybean roots and produce the symptoms of damping-off and root-rot diseases.The efficacy of three antagonists (Trichodermaharzianum, Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyceslilacinus) as well as two organic compounds (Strom and F-760) was evaluated as to their control of pathogenic fungi . Biocontrol fungi significantly suppressed Macrophominaphaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani in vitro and in vivo. Epicoccum nigrum and Paecilomyces lilacinus suppressed the growth of the pathogens by producing an inhibition zone while Trichoderma harzianum suppressed them by overgrowing. Strom and F-760 showed lower reduction effect of diseases in comparison with the antagonists.

FARGHALY R.M., GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., YOSEF M.S. (2004): Contamination of meat stored in home refrigerators in Qena (Egypt).   [microscopic fungi, stored meat, refrigerators, Aspergillus, RAPD-PCR]  Czech Mycology 56(1-2): 53-62   (published: 12th August, 2004)
  abstract   Eighty samples were collected from different parts of home-refrigerators and meat stored herein, in the province of Qena, Egypt. Quantitative and qualitative estimations of moulds were carried out by conventional methods and the identified Aspergillus spp. were confirmed by the RAPD-PCR technique in the Institute of Applied Microbiology (IAM), University of Agricultural Sciences, Vienna, Austria. The obtained results revealed that the highest mould count was 3.9 X 104 CFU/cm2 in the chest of there frigerators, followed by 3.2 X 10^4, 2.6 X 10^3 and 2.5 X 10^3 CFU/cm2 in samples of air and freezer of refrigerators and stored meat, respectively. Elevenmould genera could beidentified, the most common of which were Aspergillus, Penicillium and Cladosporium. The counts and relative frequencies for these genera were 31 (25.4 %), 17 (13.9 %) and 16 (13.1 %), respectively. Five Aspergillus species were identified; mainly A. flavus 13 (42.0 %), A. niger 5 (16.1 %) and A. nidulans 5 (16.1 %). The isolated Aspergillus species were subjected to further identification by r and om amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) by using type strains from IAM. RAPD-analysis indicated that the Aspergillus strains isolated during this study were completely identical with the corresponding type strains from IAM. Public health hazard and significance of mould contamination in home-refrigerators, as well as hygienic measures and recommendations are fully discussed to prevent or minimise such contamination.

GIRIVASAN K.P., SURYANARAYANAN T.S. (2004): Intact leaves as substrate for fungi: distribution of endophytes and phylloplane fungi in rattan palms.   [phylloplane fungi, endophytes, Calamus, India]  Czech Mycology 56(1-2): 33-43   (published: 12th August, 2004)
  abstract   Leaves of twelve species of Calamus from southern India were screened simultaneously for the presence of phylloplane and endophytic fungi. Sampling of 2400 leaf segments yielded 824 endophyte isolates belonging to 34 species. Thirty species of phylloplane fungi were recorded. Several fungal species were found to be shared as endophytes by different hosts. However, the overlap between endophyte assemblage and phylloplane fungi of each host was low, suggesting that these two distinct groups of fungi occupy different niches, there by avoiding competition.

BABU S., NANDAKUMAR R., SRIRAM S., RAGUCHANDER T., BALASUBRAMANIAN P., SAMIYAPPAN R. (2003): Phytotoxin production and rice sheath blight development by Rhizoctonia solani mutants derived from gamma irradiation.   [gamma rays, mutants, phytotoxin, Rhizoctonia solani, rice, sheath blight]  Czech Mycology 55(3-4): 261-271   (published: 22nd December, 2003)
  abstract   To evaluate the role of the RS-toxin, a phytotoxin produced by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani that causes sheath blight disease of rice, varying doses of gamma irradiation were used to generate mutants of the fungus. All the mutants showed reduced mycelial growth compared to the wild isolate RS7 in liquid culture. The mutants exhibited significant differences in virulence on detached leaf sheath and intact rice plants, the toxin produced and sclerotial formation in culture media and infected leafsheaths. The amount of toxin produced was positively correlated with disease development. SDS-PAGE analysis of mycelial proteins showed that the mutants and wild isolate produced many proteins of different molecular weights at different stages of mycelial growth. In the mutants resulting from higherdoses of gamma rays, the amount of toxin produced and their ability to induce disease symptoms were also greatly reduced.

MARIA G.L., SRIDHAR K.R. (2003): Endophytic fungal assemblage of two halophytes from west coast mangrove habitats, India.   [mangroves, halophytes, endophytes, fungi, India]  Czech Mycology 55(3-4): 241-251   (published: 22nd December, 2003)
  abstract   Twenty-five endophytic fungi comprising three ascomycetes, 20 mitosporic fungi and two sterile fungi were recovered from two halophytes (Acanthus ilicifolius and Acrostichum aureum) of a west coast mangrove habitat in India. Overall colonisation of tissue segments by endophytes ranged between 74.5 % (Acanthus ilicifolius) and 77.5 % (Acrostichum aureum). Analysis using the Jaccard’s similarity coefficient revealed 16-25 % similarity in endophyte assemblage among different tissues, and 24.5 % between the two hosts. Out of four tissues screened, species richness and diversity were high in stems of Acanthus ilicifolius and roots of Acrostichum aureum. The most dominant endophyte was Colletotrichum sp. in prop roots of Acanthus ilicifolius, and Yeast sp. 1 in rhizomes of Acrostichum aureum. Among the dominant endophytes (colonisation frequency >5 %), Acremonium and Yeast sp. 1 were common to both hosts. Acanthus ilicifolius showed dominance of a single species, (Colletotrichum sp.), while in Acrostichum aureum multiple species dominance was seen (Acremonium sp., Pénicillium sp. and Yeast sp. 1). Only one typical marine mitosporic fungus (Cumulospora marina) was recovered from the roots of Acanthus ilicifolius.

Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - II", Olomouc, Czech Republic, September 5th–6th, 2002.  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 103-149   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   The colloquium was a continuation of a previous scientific meeting that took place in Olomouc in 1999 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000). It was organised by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: biochemistry, biotechnology and genetics of fungi; phytopathogenic fungi; fungi pathogenic to humans and animals; and mycology of food and mycotoxins. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides five plenary lectures, 20 short communications and 24 posters were presented. In total 42 researchers took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further direction of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., PIŽL V. (2003): Mycoflora in the intestine of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and in vermiculture substrates.   [cattle manure, saprotrophic and cellulolytic microfungi, earthworms]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 83-102   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Mycoflora of three commercial vermiculture systems based on cattle manure derived sub­ strates and Eisenia andrei earthworms was studied using several isolation methods. A total of 172 taxa of saprotrophic micromycetes were isolated (19 taxa of Zygomycetes, 9 taxa of Ascomycetes and 144 taxa of mitosporic fungi). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent microfungal species in the intestine of Eisenia andrei. In vermicuture substrates, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were among species isolated very frequently by the soil dilution method, while Rhizopus stolonifer was estimated as frequent species using the soil washing isolation technique.

NOVOTNÝ D. (2003): A comparison of two methods for the study of microscopic fungi associated with oak roots.   [Quercus robur, oakdecline, Czech Republic, mycobiota, ophiostomatoid fungi]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 73-82   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Roots of four trees with symptoms of oak decline and roots of one healthy tree of Quercus robur were examined for the presence of fungi by using two methods (moist chambe rmethod and strong surface sterilisation method). Forty-five species were isolated in this project. Significant differences in composition of mycobiota based on the used method were detected. Fusarium solani, F. proliferatum, Sphaerostilbella aureonitens, Cylindrocarpon destructans, Pénicillium simplicissimum, P. purpurogenumvar. rubrisclerotium, Trichodermaviride, Ophiostomapiceae s.l. and Pénicillium glandicola were the most frequent fungi isolated by the moist chamber method. Cryptosporiopsis radicicola, dark sterile mycelium sp. 1, Cylindrocarpon destructans, ChaetomiuM globosum, Cylindrocarpon didymum, Pénicillium simplicissimum and Trichoderma koningii were dominant species observed by the method of strong surface sterilisation.

GÖNCZÖL J., MARVANOVÁ L. (2002): Anguillospora mediocris sp. nov. from streams in Hungary.   [aquatic hyphomycetes, taxonomy, ecology]  Czech Mycology 53(4): 309-317   (published: 3rd October, 2002)
  abstract   Anguillospora mediocris sp. nov. is described from the Morgó stream system in Hungary. It produces relatively short, falcate or sigmoid conidia on percurrent conidiogenous cells. Apycnidial microconidial synanamorph was observed in pure culture. The natural substrate is leaves, mainly of alder (Alnus glutinosa). The fungus seems to prefer hard waters. Conidiain nature, even when abundant in stream, occur only sporadically in foam.

Book review - Summerell J.A., Leslie J.F., Backhouse D., Bryden W.L., Burgess L.W. (eds.): Fusarium: Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium.  Czech Mycology 53(4): 308   (published: 3rd October, 2002)

NOVOTNÝ D. (2002): Contribution to the knowledge of the mycoflora in roots of oaks with and without tracheomycotic symptoms.   [Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. rubra, oak decline, ophiostomatoid fungi, Penicillium, Czech Republic, Moravia]  Czech Mycology 53(3): 211-222   (published: 10th January, 2002)
  abstract   The mycoflora of roots of three species of oak (Quercus robur, Q. petraea, Q. rubra) from two localities near Moravské Budějovice (southwest Moravia, Czech Republic) with and without tracheomycotic symptoms was studied. Fifty-seven species of fungi were identified from the samples. The most frequently isolated were Fusarium solani, Penicillium gl and icola, P. glabrum, P. simplicissimum and Acremonium curvulum. In the roots of trees with tracheomycotic symptoms two species of ophiostomatoid fungi were recorded. Abiotic condiontions (insufieciency of precipitation and higher average temperature) are considered to be primary reasons of oak decline.

KUNERT J., NOVOTNÝ R. (2002): Degradation of human hair by three soil fungi. An electron microscopic study.   [keratinophilic fungi, keratinolysis, human hair, electron microscopy]  Czech Mycology 53(3): 189-201   (published: 10th January, 2002)
  abstract   Degradation of hair keratin has been studied in three soil fungi differing in keratinolytic ability, viz. Keratinophyton terreum, Dictyoarthrinopsis kelleyi and Fusarium moniliforme. All fungi attacked the hair cuticle forming specialised mycelial organs, fronds, under the scale-like cuticular cells. The cortex was attacked by very thin “boring hyphae”. Their growth was intracellular and perpendicular to the hair axis. In Keratinophyton terreum older boring hyphae branched into complex formations, displayingclearlytic action on keratin. In Dictyoarthrinopsis kelleyi branching was rare and lysis of keratin weaker. In Fusarium moniliforme, a fungus not regarded askeratinophilic, the growth of boring hyphaeceasedearly and the lyticaction remained minimal. All fungi digested the less keratinised parts of the hairs (endocuticle, intercellular substance, interfibrillar matrix) prior to the lysis of hard keratin fibrils.

HÝSEK J., BROŽOVÁ J. (2001): The role of some saprophytic micromycetes and fungus Micromucor ramannianus var. ramannianus in forest soil.   [humic horizon, soil fungi, saprophytic micromycetes, Micromucorramannianusvar. ramannianus, biological soil functions, respiration, ammonification, nitrification]  Czech Mycology 53(2): 161-171   (published: 20th February, 2002)
  abstract   Different saprophytic micromycetes were isolated from the humic horizon (H-A 02) of different types of forest soils (barren l and of reforested waste dumps, cambisol of spruce, birch, European mountain ash, and blue spruce forests) in several areas (at Most in the Krušné hory (Ore Mts.), Jizerské hory (Izera Mts.)). Besides the spectrum of common species of soil micromycetes (Penicillium spp., Humicola spp., Trichoderma spp., Paecilomyces spp., Scopulariopsis spp., Aureobasidium spp., Mucor spp., Absidia spp.), the fungus Micromucor ramannianus (Möller) Arx var. ramannianus (Mortierella ramanniana (Möller) Linneman, Mucor ramannianus Möller) was regularly isolated from all types of soils, except barren soils of was te dumps. The biological quality of forest soils in connection with other biological characteristics was evaluated in relation to the presence and quantity of this fungus in forest soils. Basic biological processes (basal and potential respiration, ammonification, nitrification) show an increased intensity in forest soils in which the proportion of Micromucorramannianus v. ramannianus was not present in the soil of the worst biological quality (lower values of biological soil parameters), e.g. in of was te dumps. It is a topic for discussion whe the r this fungus can also be an indicator of environmental pollution.

MOSTAFA M.E., ZOHRI A.A., KOTBY R.S. (2001): Lipid, sterol and ergosterol accumulation in isolates of dematiaceous Hyphomycetes.   [Lipid, sterol, ergosterol, dematiaceous hyphomycetes]  Czech Mycology 53(2): 149-159   (published: 20th February, 2002)
  abstract   Mycelial dry weight, lipid and sterol contents of fungi tested varied with fungalgenus, species and even with isolate of one species. Their dry mass fluctuated between lll.6±l0.7-457.0±41.5 mg/50 ml medium. Lipids, sterols and ergosterol accumulated by the isolates tested ranged from 4.52±0.5-29.04±2.76%, 1.23±0.16-10.63±l.24% and 0.43±0.057-7.13±0.695% of their dry mass, respectively. Cochliobolus spicifer isolate No. 35 was the highest lipid-producer while Ulocladium atrum No. 90 proved to be superior in the production of sterols and ergosterol. TLC technique and chemical analysis of lipid classes produced by U. atrium No. 90 revealed that the lipid fractions are composed of free sterols, free fatty acids, sterol esters, glycolipids, phospholipids and squalene.

GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., PRILLINGER H. (2000): Root mycoflora of pepper (Capsicum annuum) antagonistic to Verticillium dahliae.   [Frequency of root fungi, Verticillium dahliae, Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrothecium verrucaria, Trichoderma harzianum, pepper seed germination]  Czech Mycology 52(3): 219-226   (published: 7th December, 2000)
  abstract   Thirty-two species belonging to 19 genera of fungi were collected from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of pepper plants. The fungal colonies were characterised using classical morphological methods following identification keys. The most frequently isolated fungi were Chaetomiumglobosum, Fusarium oxysporum, Gliocladium roseum, Mucor racemosus, Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. expansum and Trichoderma harzianum. The crude culture filtrate of Verticillium dahliae at 100% concentration caused sharp decrease in pepper seed germination. Chaetomium globosum, Gliocladium roseum, Myrothecium verrucaria, and Trichoderma harzianum produced a metabolite that retarded radial growth of Verticillium dahliae.

Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology", Olomouc, September 14th, 1999.  Czech Mycology 52(2): 139-178   (published: 20th April, 2000)
  abstract   The colloquium was organized by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: phytopathology, biotechnology and ecology, physiology and biochemistry, and medical mycology. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides four plenary lectures, 15 short communications and 21 posters were presented. In total 38 researchers took part in the colloquium, at who discussed various questions of importance for experimental mycology until late in the evening. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

HASAN H.A.H. (2000): Fungal association and deterioration of Oil-type Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed during storage.   [safflower, mycoflora, mycotoxin, oil, protein, sugars, enzymes, germination]  Czech Mycology 52(2): 125-137   (published: 20th April, 2000)
  abstract   Different fungal species viz. Aspergillus Jiavus, A. Jumigalus, A. niger, A. sydowii, Emericella nidulans, Mucorcircinelloides and Pénicillium chrysogenum were isolated from commercial safflower seeds. The total number of fungi increased with raising the moisture content of the seeds from 15 to 25 % and reached a maximum level after 3 months of storage. Aspergillus was the dominant genus at 25°C. However, Pénicillium was dominant at 10°C. Germination of seeds significantly decreased with increasing moisture content and length of storage. Where no germination in seed at 25 % moisture content was observed after 5 months of storage at v-â 25°C, there was a perceptible increase in freefatty acidscontent, especially at high moisture and temperatures. This increase in free fatty acids positively correlated with the infestation of seeds by P. chrysogenum at 10°C, and A. flavus and A. niger at 25°C. In artificially inoculated seeds (25 % moisture content) by A. Jiavus, aflatoxin production reached their maximum level after I month and then decreased. Seed deterioration was accompanied by a corresponding rise in free fatty acids, free amino acids and soluble protein. The high levels of autolytic enzymes (amylase, cellulase, lipase and protease) detected in seed fungi clearly indicate the important role of these enzymes in seed deterioration. Also, the carcurnin and turmerol oils of safflower promoted the growth and lipase activity of A. Jiavus. Thus, the oils encourage seed infestation and did not make the safflower safe from deterioration.

GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., ABDELZAHER H.M.A. (1999): Isolation of fungi from tomato rhizosphere and evaluation of the effect of some fungicides and biological agents on the production of cellulase enzymes by Nectria haematococca and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum.   [Biologicalcontrol, root-rot, fungicides Nectria haematococca, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum]  Czech Mycology 51(2-3): 157-170   (published: 25th May, 1999)
  abstract   Forty-five species and two species varieties belonging to twenty-six genera of fungi were isolated from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The fungi most frequently isolated were Aspergillus flavus, A.fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Gibberella fujikuroi, Nectria haematococca and Rhizopus stolonifer. Ridomil and Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) had no significant effects on the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes of Nectria haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but slightly decreased at 100ppm. Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) significantly decreased Cl enzyme activities of N. haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but at 100 ppm it showed a slightly inhibitory effect. Ridomil caused a slight increase in the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes by Pythium ultimum var. ultimum at low and moderate doses but the highest dose of Ridomil caused a slight reduction. Vitavax-captan slightly increased the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes in P. ultimum var. ultimum. Normal and sterilised filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum induced a small decrease in Cl enzyme activity of Nectria haematococca. The sterilised filtrates of the three fungi tested caused greater inhibition compared to the normal filtrate. The production of Cₓ enzyme was slightly increased with normal and sterilised filtrates of Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum, but was significantly increased by both types of filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria. The two types of filtrate of all fungi tested did not significantly affect the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes by lithium ultimum var. ultimum. Production of extracellular protein by Nectria haematococca was not significantly affected by any dose of the tested fungi cides. It was slightly increased by the two types of filtrate of the three tested fungi but significantly increased by the normal filtrate of Myrothecium verrucaria. The normal filtrate of all the fungi tested enhanced extracellular protein production to a greater extent than the sterilised filtrate. Extracellular proteins of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum were slightly increased by all doses of Vitavax-captan and low doses only of Ridomil, also two types of filtrate of all tested fungi caused a slightly increasing effect.

HUŇKOVÁ Z., KUBÁTOVÁ A., WEIGNEROVÁ L., KŘEN V. (1999): Induction of extracellular glycosidases in filamentous fungi and their potential use in chemotaxonomy.   [glycosidases, induction, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium]  Czech Mycology 51(1): 71-87   (published: 29th January, 1999)
  abstract   Data on the occurrence and inducibility of extracellular β-N-acetylhexosaminidase, α-galactosidase, α- and β-mannosidase and α-L-fucosidase, including inductors, are given for selected Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium strains. These data represent additional information on the strains in the Culture Collection of Fungi, Department of Botany, Charles University, Prague, and in the Culture Collection of the Institute of Microbiology, Prague, Czech Republic, thus extending their usability in biochemistry and biotechnology. With respect to these biochemical data a taxonomic evaluation of the examined strains is presented. Several strains were re­ identified after biochemical and morphological comparisons with the type strains. The strains of A. niveus CCF 544, A. terreus CCF 76, CCF 869, and CCIM USA were re-identified as A. flavipes, the strain A. oryzae CCF 1301 as A. wentii.

TONCHEVA-PANOVA T.G. (1997): Identification of a fungal contaminant in a culture of Dunaliella salina.   [Acremonium, Dunaliella salina, relationship, interaction]  Czech Mycology 50(2): 127-131   (published: 16th December, 1997)
  abstract   Acremonium sp. was identified as a contaminant in the culture of the halophilic algal strain Dunaliella salina V63. The morphological details of this fungus - algae relationship were determined by growing the association in a slide cavity culture. The interaction between Dunaliella salina and the contaminant is described and illustrated.

PIECKOVÁ E., JESENSKÁ Z. (1997): The effect of chloroform extracts of micromycete biomass on the movement of tracheal cilia in one-day old chickens in vitro.   [Micromycete, biomass, chloroform extract, tracheal cilia]  Czech Mycology 50(1): 57-62   (published: 29th September, 1997)
  abstract   The ciliostatic effect of metabolites from mycelia and spore biomass of 185 micromycete strains extractable with chlor of orm on tracheal epi the l cilia was investigated in 1-d old chickens in vitro. The strains were isolated from cotton or flax. Extracts of 54 strains (29 %) displayed ciliostatic activity: 16 (9 %), 6 (3 %), and 32 (17 %) strains stopped the movement of cilia after 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively. There may be relationships between these results and respiratory tract illnesses in people living in mouldy dwellings, working with mouldy materials, or with sick building syndrome.

ABDEL-MALLEK A.Y., MAZEN M.B., ALLAM A.D., HASHEM M. (1997): Specific responses of some phytopathogenic fungi to fungicides.   [fungicides, phytopathogenic species, Egypt]  Czech Mycology 50(1): 35-44   (published: 29th September, 1997)
  abstract   Laboratory experiments were carried out to examine the effect of four fungicides on spore germinating potentialities, radial growth and survival of viable propagules in soil of five phytopathogenic fungal species. The test organisms were achieved from infected roots of wheat plants cultivated in the Assiut area, Egypt. These were: Altemaria alternata, Cochliobolus sativus, Drechslera halodes, Fusarium moniliforme and F. oxysporum. The fungicides reduced germ tube production and radial growth of all fungi, and the reduction increased with increase in concentration. The maximal reduction was recorded at 50 μg/ml. At this concentration, Homai prevented spore germination of all test species. Neither F. moniliforme nor F. oxysporum can grow on agar medium supplemented with 50 μg/ml of either Benlate or Homai. The suppressive effect of fungicides on spore survival in soil cultures was also noticed but seemed to be lower than in agar application. In certain treatments, the numbers of viable propagules of tested fungi were not significantly affected in autoclaved nor non-autoclaved soil.

RÉBLOVÁ M., SVRČEK M. (1997): New records of Pyrenomycetes from the Czech Republic I.   [new records, lignicolous, herbaceous and coprophilous Pyrenomycetes, Czech Republic]  Czech Mycology 49(3-4): 193-206   (published: 23rd May, 1997)
  abstract   A list of 10 lignicolous, herbaceous and coprophilous Pyrenomycetes, Antennularia salisburgensis (Niessl) Höhn., Cryptodiaporthe aesculi (Fuckel) Petrak, Enchnoa subcorticalis (Peck) Barr, Gnomonia comari P. Karst., Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops (Berk, et Curtis) Hawksw., Kriegeriella mirabilis Höhn., Massaria pyri Otth, Nitschkia cupularis (Fr.: Fr.) P. Karst., Pleophragmia leporum Fuckel and Valsaria foedans (P. Karst.) Sacc., collected in the Czech Republic for the first time is presented. All of them occur rarely and the lignicolous species Enchnoa subcorticalis so far known only from North America was collected in Europe for the first time. Descriptions, illustrations and taxonomical and ecological notes are added. The systematic position of these species is arranged according to the system suggested by Eriksson and Hawksworth (1993).

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1995): Micromycetes in archives and book depositories in the Czech Republic.   [Micromycetes, archives, allergies, Czech Republic]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 77-86   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   Species representation of micromycetes and their frequency were studied in the period 1981-1988 in four archives in Prague and near Prague and in one depository in West Bohemia. Representants of genera Penicillium, Cladosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Mucor and Rhizopus isolated by sediment plate method and from the surfaces of the archive depots were the most frequent in all observed spaces. The higher number of the most frequent species was always found in older and for the archive purposes less convenient buildings, while inside the new building the number of the most frequent species was very low. In suitable conditions only a limited number of species for which the given specific conditions are convenient, act as destructive. They are mostly Penicillium which form coherent growing covers on the backs of the books and cartons. Spores of these fungi released by their growth contaminate the atmosphere of these spaces and can cause allergies in sensitive persons.

MOLITORIS H.P. (1995): Fungi in biotechnology. Past, present, future.   [Fungi, biotechnology, past, present, future]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 53-65   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   From multiple uses of fungi in early historic times, “early biotechnological processes” developed. Fungi were used here already e.g. for production of cheese, bread, wine, beer and other foodstuff. Based on these processes, fungi today have become one of the most important group of organisms in modern technology, where food, fodder and various metabolites such as antibiotics, enzymes, steroids etc. are produced on an industrial scale. An equally important role of fungi in biotechnology is also to be expected for the future where - in addition to existing uses - fungi will be increasingly used employing modern methods such as genetic engineering and will also new applications as in pollution control, biological control of pests, microbial leaching and even biotechnology.

KAUFMAN L. (1995): Merits and limitations of immunodiagnostic assays for systemic mycoses.   [Systemic mycoses, immunodiagnostic tests, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 21-29   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   The incidence of systemic fungal diseases has increased significantly over the last decade. During that time considerable work has been done on isolating and characterizing new antigens and developing technology. However, few new immunodiagnostic tests for the mycoses have come into routine use. Most of the currently used immunodiagnostic tests are designed to detect antibodies to specific fungal pathogens. These tests, though far from optimal, have proved useful for diagnosing aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis and other mycotic infections mainly in the immunocompetent host. They may, however, exhibit cross-reactivity, and fail to distinguish active form past infection, and colonization from invasive disease. More recently, attention has been devoted to developing antigen detection procedures. While such procedures have been successfully developed for cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis, those for the opportunistic mycoses, i.e. aspergillosis and candidiasis have been generally unsatisfactory. Their insensitivity, resulting from the transient nature of the antigen(s) detected or failure to test for a battery of diagnostic antigens. To overcome these problems, current research has focused on the use of more purified antigens, monoclonal or adsorbed polyclonal antibodies, and the refinement or introduction more sensitive assays. An overview of the immunodiagnostic tests currently used, their value and shortcomings will be presented.

JANITOR A., VIZÁROVÁ G. (1994): Production of abscisic acid and cytokinins in static liquid culture by Schizophyllum commune.   [production abscisic acid, cytokinins, static liquid culture, Schizophyllum com­mune Fr.]  Czech Mycology 47(4): 293-302   (published: 16th February, 1995)
  abstract   The superficialcultivation of fungus Schizophyllum commune Fr. in static liquid cultures showed production of abscisic acid - type inhibitor (ABA) and isopentyl - adenine type cytokinins (2iP) by this fungus. The analyses were done after 28 days of cultivation.

PIECKOVÁ E., JESENSKÁ Z. (1994): The effect of the heat-stable and chloroform-extractable secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi on the respiratory tract cilia movement of one-day-old chickens in vitro.   [Fungi, cilia, trachea, chickens, metabolites, bronchitis]  Czech Mycology 47(3): 215-221   (published: 17th June, 1994)
  abstract   The ciliostatic activity of the heat-stable (100°C/10 min.) and chloroform-extractable metabolites of 63 strains of filamentous fungi - growing on the liquid medium - on tracheal cilia of one-day-old chickens in vitro was evaluated. Twenty two (34.9%) from the investigated strains produced ciliostatic metabolites, 4.7%, 7.9%, 3.1%, resp. 19.0% of the strains stopped the movement of cilia after 24, 48, 72, resp. 144 hours. The results are discussed in connection with chronic bronchitis of people working with moulded materials or living in moulded dwellings.

LIZOŇ P. (1993): Fungi described by Carl Kalchbrenner.  Česká Mykologie 46(3-4): 315-327   (published: 25th August, 1993)

NOVÁKOVÁ-ŘEPOVÁ A., CHALUPSKÝ J. (1993): Microscopic fungi isolated from Fridericia galba (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae).  Česká Mykologie 46(3-4): 251-255   (published: 25th August, 1993)
  abstract   Microscopic fungi were isolated from the enchytraeid Fridericia galba (Hoffmeister, 1843), and from surrounding soil. Isolation was done from aseptically squashed enchytraeid bodies and from enchytraeid excrements prepared by defaecation into sterile conditions. The cultivation media were soil extract agar, cherry decoction agar and beer wort agar. A total of 39 fungal species was found, 29 in the excrements and 19 in the soil. In most cases, fungi isolated from the soil differed from those isolated from the excrements. Feeding preference and seasonal variation were not demonstrated. Spores of fungi were viable after passage through the enchytraeid gut. The biochemical activity of the isolated fungi indicates preferential feeding on plant remains where the degradation of cellulose, pectin and xylose predominates.

NOVÁKOVÁ-ŘEPOVÁ A. (1992): The growth of soil micromycetes in the media containing herbicides Basagran, Labuctril 25 and Oxytril CM.  Česká Mykologie 46(1-2): 86-92   (published: 1st April, 1993)
  abstract   The changes of fungal growth in laboratory experiments (estimation of mycelial biomass and colony diameter) were studied by cultivation of 10 species of soil fungi on media with different concentrations of the herbicides Basagran, Labuctril 25 and Oxytril CM. The subject fungi responded to increased concentrations of herbicide in different ways. Cladosporium herbarum (colony diameter) and Penicillium janthinellum (mycelial biomass) were the only investigations to show a similar response to all the herbicides. Penicillium janthinellum (mycelial biomass) was the only example of a significant stimulation of fungal growth. Changes in colony pigmentation and sporulation were also recorded.

KUTHAN J. (1992): Mycoflora of large-scale greenhouse plantation of salad cucumbers.  Česká Mykologie 46(1-2): 1-32   (published: 1st April, 1993)
  abstract   In the course of the years 1988–1991 the author used to visit large-scale greenhouses at Paskov near Ostrava (NE Moravia, Czechoslovakia) and surveyed not only the abundant growth of particularly higher fungi there, but in 1989 he tried to summarize the weight of biomass of the most frequent species. The results of the observation of biomass, frequency, abundance and phenology are presented in the tables. Altogether 95 macrofungi taxons, 1 species of Hyphomycetes and 1 species of Myxomycetes were recorded and they are given in the systematic summary, potentially with comments.

FRAGNER P. (1991): Identification of Aspergilli isolated from human and animal diseases I.  Česká Mykologie 45(3): 113-122   (published: 31st October, 1991)
  abstract   A suggestion of simple keys to determination of aspergilli found in human and animal diseases exploits the author’s experience and data from literature. Part I comprises: Introduction, Teleomorphs, Diagnostic possibilities of microscopical findings in clinical specimens, Cultivation, Remark on variability, List of species, Great key, Small key, and Description of species.

URBAN Z. (1991): Abstracts of papers delivered at the 8th conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Brno (August 28-September 1. 1989).  Česká Mykologie 45(1-2): 33-53   (published: 15th May, 1991)
  abstract   Abstracts of papers delivered at the 8th conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Brno August 28 — September 1,1989)

Bedeutsame Gedenkstage unserer Vereinsmitglieder im Jahre / Významná životní jubilea členů Cs. vědecké společnosti v roce 1990 (Šebek S. et al.).  Česká Mykologie 44(4): 250-252   (published: 26th November, 1990)

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P. (1990): Key to histological identification causativeagents in systemic mycoses III.  Česká Mykologie 44(3): 129-139   (published: 22nd October, 1990)
  abstract   Based on authors’ experience and data from literature the key suggests identification of microscopical fungi according to morphology of mycotic elements found in histological sections from human and animal tissues. Part III: Concise information about species and varieties comprising remarks on occurrence and character of diseases in humans and animals, morphology of fungi in tissues and histopathological pictures. Examples include Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and its teleomorph Ajellomyces capsulatus.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1989): Soil micromycetes from Czechoslovakia - a list of isolated species with bibliography. II.  Česká Mykologie 43(4): 235-243   (published: 17th November, 1989)
  abstract   A list of micromycetes (saprophytic, keratinophilic, rhizosphere, nematophagous, ovicidal, dermatophytes, and cellular slime moulds) isolated from various Czechoslovak soils is presented. The paper includes distribution data and literature citations for each species. It is the second installment of the series and documents a wide variety of fungi, including Chaetomium species and other frequently encountered genera.

NOVOTNÁ J. (1989): Mikroskopische pilze auf Zysten Globodera rostochiensis Wollenw.  Česká Mykologie 43(2): 96-107   (published: 2nd May, 1989)
  abstract   The mycoflora of the potato cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis Wollenweber 1925 was studied from four selected sites in Bohemia. A total of 36 fungal species were isolated. Opportunistic parasites included: Rhinocladiella anceps, Fusarium solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Cylindrocarpon sp., Humicola grisea, Gliocladium roseum and Phialophora fastigiata. Some fungi occurred widely across all sites, others were site-specific.

Bedeutsame Gedenkstage unserer Vereinsmitglieder im Jahre / Významná životní jubilea členů Cs. vědecké společnosti v roce 1988 (Šebek S. et al.).  Česká Mykologie 42(4): 249-251   (published: 16th December, 1988)

KOVÁČIKOVÁ E. (1988): Naučno-koordinacionálnaja konferencija SEV i simpozium „Issledovanije principov ustojčivosti rastěnij k bolezňjam i vreditěljam“.  Česká Mykologie 42(4): 227-232   (published: 16th December, 1988)

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1988): Toxinogenic species of the genus Penicillium Link and a key to the determination of frequently occurring representatives in Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 42(1): 12-22   (published: 10th February, 1988)
  abstract   A survey of twenty frequently occurring, potentially toxigenic Penicillium Link species and two varieties with data about their toxins and origin of their isolates in Bohemia is submitted. A key to the determination of these taxa with brief descriptions is compiled and complemented by drawings of certain morphological features of the colony and penicillus.

URBAN Z. (1987): Die tschechoslowakische Mykologie 1981-1985.  Česká Mykologie 41(3): 162-171   (published: 10th August, 1987)

FASSATIOVÁ O., KUBÁTOVÁ A., PRÁŠIL K., VÁŇOVÁ M. (1987): Microscopical fungi in archive environment.  Česká Mykologie 41(1): 8-15   (published: 16th February, 1987)
  abstract   One new genus, Amicodisca (typified by Dasyscypha brdensis Vel.) and six new species are described: Albotricha lupini, Ciliolarina corcontica, Cystopezizella cupulincola, Hamatocanthoscypha acericola, Hyaloscypha cupularum, and Orbilia ebuli. One new combination (Phaeohelotium terrestre) is proposed.

BETINA V. (1986): Fungi in biotechnology-history, present times, perspectives.  Česká Mykologie 40(2): 65-73   (published: 10th May, 1986)
  abstract   A review of applications of fungi in biotechnology from the old ages to the present times is presented. Origins of vine and beer fermentation as well as leavened bread making are lost in the mist of antiquity and records of the production of Roquefort cheese go back about a thousand years. On the other hand, commercial production of yeast began in the last century and the production of single-cell proteins (SCP) was born in our century. Nowadays, fungi are further used in commercial production of enzymes, organic acids, vitamins, antibiotics and plant growth regulators, in biotransformations of steroids and antibiotics, in the ephedrin synthesis and in preparation of other pharmacologically useful substances. Great achievements were obtained by applying classical genetic methods. Possibilities of the use of protoplast fusion and recombination, gene amplification or recombinant DNA technology using restriction enzymes are discussed.

Referate, die auf dem gesamtstaatlichen Seminar „Mykotoxine (d. i. Toxine mikroskopischer Pilze)“ (Prag, 27. IV. 1984) vorgetragen wurden.  Česká Mykologie 40(1): 44-51   (published: 7th February, 1986)

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1986): The occurrence of microscopic fungi in air of the building of the Czechoslovak Acadeny of Sciences in České Budějovice.  Česká Mykologie 40(1): 19-29   (published: 7th February, 1986)
  abstract   68 species of microscopic fungi were isolated from the air in the building of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences in České Budějovice. 16 species were opportunistic, 12 allergenic, and 13 mycotoxin producers. 8 species were reported as air-borne fungi in literature.

ROD J. (1984): Antagonistic effects of some fungi on fungal pathogens causing storage rots of onion (Allium cepa L.).  Česká Mykologie 38(4): 235-239   (published: 1984)
  abstract   14 species of soil micromycetes belonging to Fungi imperfecti isolated from soil of spruce and mixed forests, apple orchard, uncultivated balk and Salix–Populus community are presented as new finds in Czechoslovakia.

ONDŘEJ M. (1984): Funde von parasitischen imperfekten Pilzen Cercospora Fres. Aus der Tschechoslowakei (Teil III.).  Česká Mykologie 38(4): 230-234   (published: 1984)
  abstract   The fungi Gliocladium roseum, Trichothecium roseum, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Penicillium cyclopium and Acremoniella atra were isolated from onion bulbs infected with parasitic fungi Botrytis allii, Botrytis cinerea, Botrytis squamosa, Sclerotium cepivorum and Fusarium oxysporum. Some of them exhibited antagonistic effects on the pathogens causing storage rots under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

BRILLOVÁ D., ŠUŤÁKOVÁ G. (1984): Viruslike particles in hyphae of parasitic fungus Cercospora beticola Sacc.  Česká Mykologie 38(4): 193-196   (published: 15th November, 1984)
  abstract   In the present paper we summarize the results of electron microscope investigation of the hyphae of three singlespore isolates of Cercospora beticola and a sterile mutant. In ultrathin sections of hyphal cells we have found two types of viruslike particles of spherical shape, 30—35 and 50—55 nm in diameter. They were dispersed in the cytoplasm and occasionally in the vacuoles as well. Viruslike particles of both types occurred together in the hyphal cells of the strain Mss2, whereas the hyphal cells of strain PR13 contained viruslike particles only one dimension, i.e. there were cells containing 30—35 nm and others 50—55 nm viruslike particles. In the infected cells we observed changes of mitochondria, the occurrence of lamellar structures, changes of cell walls leading to the disruption and liberation of viruslike particles from the cells. The sporulation of infected strains was considerably lower than in healthy one.

ONDŘEJ M. (1984): Pollaccia spiraeae (Karakulin) Ondřej.  Česká Mykologie 38(1): 46-48   (published: 1984)
  abstract   The author reclasses a species Fusicladium spiraeae Karakulin with the genus Pollaccia Bald. et Cif. (Fungi imperfecti) on the basis of revision of the specimen collection in Herb. LE, from the U.S.S.R.

STANĚK M. (1984): Microorganisms in the hyphosphere of fungi. I. Introduction.  Česká Mykologie 38(1): 1-10   (published: 10th February, 1984)
  abstract   The surface and immediate surroundings of fungal hyphae affected by their activity is termed the „hyphosphere“. Differences between microorganisms colonizing the hyphosphere and those colonizing a substrate is termed „hyphosphere effect“. The more extensive area of fungal effect on substrate, on the surface and surroundings of fruit-bodies, i.e. the environment affected by the activity of fungi is termed „mycosphere“. The nomenclature proposed is in agreement with the classification of the phytosphere of higher plants. The brief literary survey presents data on incidence of microorganisms in hyphosphere and on their importance, taking into account the results obtained in the Czechoslovak research institutions.

Abstracts of papers delivered at the 7th Conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held at České Budějovice, 13-18 September, 1982.  Česká Mykologie 37(2): 108-128   (published: 1983)
  abstract   Abstracts of papers delivered at the 7th Conference of Czechoslovak Mycologists, held at České Budějovice, 13–18 September 1982 - 1st Section: Taxonomy, Ecology and Mycofloristics

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1983): Soil micromycetes of forest reserve „Voděradské bučiny“ in Central Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 37(1): 19-34   (published: 1983)
  abstract   In three forest sites of the Nature reserve “Voděradské bučiny” soil microfungi were studied in the period from September 1978 to July 1979. A total of 66 species was identified, 9 of which belonged to Mucoraceae and 57 to Moniliales. The most common species were Penicillium albidum Sopp emend. Fass. (all sites) and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex S. F. Gray (beech forest, beech forest with Dicranum), Absidia cylindrospora Hagem (beech forest), P. spinulosum Thom (beech forest with Dicranum, spruce forest), P. chrysogenum Samson, Hadlok et Stolk (beech forest, spruce forest). The greatest number of species was found in the spruce forest. The highest biomass values of mycelium and of spores were ascertained in stony soil of the beech forest with Dicranum scoparium.

SEMERDŽIEVA M., WOLF A. (1982): Kernverhältnisse terminaler Zellen von Agrocybe aegerita.  Česká Mykologie 36(3): 160-165   (published: 1982)
  abstract   Yeasts were found in the mouths of 81.4% of persons with removable dentures; Candida albicans (alone or in combination with other yeasts) in 62.9%. Yeast incidence varied from 66% (31–40 years) to 95% (71–80 years). Findings are listed for tongue, teeth, and dentures. In dentures younger than one year, 49% were yeast-negative, while 21% showed massive/abundant yeast presence. In older than 4 years, 25% were negative and 55% positive. Clinical thrush was observed in 1.4%. The study also considered pathological changes under dentures, tongue and tonsil appearance, frequency of denture use, and use of antibiotics, corticoids, and cytostatics.

ČAČA Z. (1982): Present trends in the world phytopathological research.  Česká Mykologie 36(2): 65-71   (published: 15th May, 1982)
  abstract   Vararia granulosa (Fr.) Laurila is a name which cannot be applied to the fungus for which it is now commonly used. Fries (1838, 1874) considered the element representing our Vararia only a marginal part of his broad concept of Grandinia granulosa (Pers. ex Fr.) Fr. As there is no legitimate name for the fungus in question, Vararia borealis Pouz. spec. nov. is proposed for it here.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1981): A systematic survey of dimorphic and polymorphic fungi.  Česká Mykologie 35(4): 209-226   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Various definitions of the term dimorphism in fungi are briefly discussed and a general concept is given with a suggested morphological classification of the dimorphism. Dimorphism (and polymorphism) is delimited as an environmentally controlled reversible phenotypic duality (or plurality in the case of polymorphism) in the morphogenesis of the vegetative fungal cells, which is not restricted to pathogenic species and to the mycelial-yeast transitions only. A systematic list and an alphabetical index of the fungi exhibiting the phenomena of cellular dimorphism or polymorphism are presented.

Sexagenario Ing. Branislav Urošević, DrSc., ad salutem.  Česká Mykologie 35(3): 170-176   (published: 1981)

BANDRE T.R., DAGINAWALA H.F. (1981): Mycoflora associated with various food commodities.  Česká Mykologie 35(1): 47-49   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Various fungal species were isolated and identified from 11 specimens of food commodities. Since many of the species belong among the potentially toxinogenic ones, the isolates will serve as the source material for the estimation of the real toxinogenity. These estimations are important in the field of hygienic toxicology of foods.

VINDUŠKA L. (1979): Fungi in Heterodera schachtii cysts.  Česká Mykologie 33(3): 170-175   (published: 1979)
  abstract   In 1976 and 1977 the occurrence of fungi in Heterodera schachtii Schmidt was determined. From 23.6% of cysts individual fungal species were isolated and determined. In 31.8% of cysts fungi did not occur, from 32.2% cysts bacterial colonies grew and in 12.4% of cysts mixtures of fungi and bacteria were found. From the parasitation point of view, the finding of Verticillium falcatum Petch, Cylindrocarpon destructans (Zinssmeister) Schölten, Humicola grisea Traaen, Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht, emend. Snyder et Hansen and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Appel et Wollenw. is important.

HUBÁLEK Z., ROSICKÝ B., OTČENÁŠEK M. (1979): Fungi on the hair of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.  Česká Mykologie 33(2): 81-93   (published: 1979)
  abstract   A new record of dry rot fungus Serpula lacrimans (Wulf. ex Fr.) Schroet. on the trunk bases of two living trees of Norway Spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Botanical Garden in Průhonice near Prague is described. Differences between Serpula lacrimans and Serpula himantioides (Fr. ex Fr.) Karst. and the phytopathological significance of the new record are discussed.

Varia.  Česká Mykologie 33(1): 60-61   (published: 1979)

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1978): Soil micromycetes in abandoned fields in Bohemian Karst.  Česká Mykologie 32(4): 226-234   (published: 1978)
  abstract   An analysis of soil micromycetes in two abandoned fields in the Bohemian Karst during 1976–1977 revealed 64 species in the younger field (7 years) and 50 in the older (50 years). Dominant species in both were: Penicillium albidum, Fusarium solani, Humicola grisea, Absidia cylindrospora, and Mortierella sp. (section Polycephala). The best isolation method used nylon gauze buried in soil.

KŮDELA V., SYCHROVÁ E. (1978): Potentional fungus pathogens of premature dying of the strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.).  Česká Mykologie 32(3): 169-173   (published: 1978)
  abstract   In the years 1972–1976 a survey of the causes of premature dying of the strawberry was carried out in central Bohemia. The following plant pathogenic fungi were most commonly isolated from roots: Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke et Berth., Fusarium spp., Cylindrocarpon sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr. In the year 1974 Phytophthora cactorum (Leb. et Cohn) Schroet, was isolated from brown rotten lesions on runners.

Abstracts of papers delivered at the 6th Conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held at Pezinok, 19.-23. September 1977.  Česká Mykologie 32(2): 99-122   (published: 1978)
  abstract   Tradice mezinárodních mykologických kongresů není stará. První byl v roce 1971 v anglickém Exeteru. K vrcholným vědeckým setkáním tohoto typu nelze přiřazovat již delší dobu pořádané Sjezdy evropských mykologů. Druhý mezinárodní mykologický kongres se konal ve dnech 27. VIII. až 3. IX. 1977 v prostorách University of South Florida v Tampě. Zúčastnilo se ho více než 1200 specialistů ze 43 zemí.

JANEČKOVÁ V., FASSATIOVÁ O., DANIEL M., KŘIVANEC K. (1977): Findings of soil microscopic fungi in the Himalaya Mountains (Nepal).  Česká Mykologie 31(4): 206-213   (published: 1977)
  abstract   Within the framework of the 1973 Czechoslovak expedition in the Makalu Mountain region in the Himalayas (East Nepal) a total of 43 soil samples were collected for mycologic examination. Fourteen genera with 37 species of soil fungi were isolated from the samples. Though the spectrum of the isolated microscopic fungi was not wide, it contained 2 genera (Acremonium and Tolypocladium) and 15 species described for the first time amongst the Himalayan mycoflora. Some of the species were collected in the area for the second time. Among the keratinophilic microscopic fungi, Chrysosporium lucknowense was isolated. The investigation and the collection of soil samples took place at the altitudes of 1000–4900 m in the sites where the presence of terrestrial mammals was established, or direct from lair openings. The aim was to detect potentially pathogenic or keratinophilic microscopic fungi. Various species of microscopic fungi were isolated for the first time from the extreme climatic conditions of the high mountains characterized by an increased occurrence of UV radiation, great temperature fluctuations, strong air flow, a decrease in the air pressure and oxygen content and extreme abiotic and biotic factors influencing the specific existence of the organisms.

NOVÁKOVÁ J. (1977): Wechselseitige Beziehungen zwischen den Virus- und Pilz- krankheiten bei Kulturpflanzen.  Česká Mykologie 31(2): 60-68   (published: 1977)
  abstract   The importance of mixed infections of cultivated plants by viruses and pathogenic fungi is analyzed both from theoretical and practical points of view. The course of root rots caused by pathogenic fungi in various virus-infected hosts is described as an example to demonstrate these relationships. The causes of the altered disease syndrome in the root system are discussed.

PRÁŠIL K., ŠAŠEK V. (1977): Antibiotic activity of some Pyrenomycetes.  Česká Mykologie 31(1): 1-7   (published: 1st March, 1977)
  abstract   A set of cultures of stromatic lignicolous Pyrenomycetes was screened for antibiotic activity. From a total of 25 species (36 strains), the antibiotic activity was detected in 9 species. The most active species were Diaporthe impulsa, D. pustulata, Hypoxylon multiforme, Hypoxylon sp. and Valseutypella tristicha. However, the antibiotic activity lowered down in the course of re-inoculation, especially when the cultures were transferred into the submerged conditions. According to this finding, more appropriate test would be the direct screening of the submerged cultures.

KREJZOVÁ R. (1976): Ultrastructure of conidia of Paecilomyces fumoso-roseus (Wize) Brown et Smith isolated from Zoothermopsis sp.  Česká Mykologie 30(2): 110-114   (published: 1976)
  abstract   Keratinolytic fungi in bird nests are influenced by nest moisture. Species richness and isolation frequency of Chaetomium decline with higher humidity. Literature on moisture tolerance in fungi is reviewed, emphasizing ecological and physiological aspects.

HEJTMÁNEK M., HEJTMÁNKOVÁ N. (1976): Fluorescence microscopy of hyphal nuclei.  Česká Mykologie 30(1): 20-23   (published: 1976)
  abstract   A method of fluorescence staining of hyphal nuclei in 32 species of fungi is described. It also permits observation of nuclei in conidia and septa. The latter can be safely distinguished by combining fluorescence under incident UV light with phase contrast under penetrating light. This method is applicable to quantitative evaluation of nuclear ratios in mycelium of Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes, Basidiomycetes, and Deuteromycetes.

SAMŠIŇÁKOVÁ A. (1975): List of strains of entomogenic fungi.  Česká Mykologie 29(4): 211-212   (published: 1975)
  abstract   A list of strains of entomogenic fungi is provided, mostly Deuteromycetes, from the mycological collection of the Institute of Entomology, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences. Most were isolated in Czechoslovakia, some from Cuba and Poland.

ČAPEK A., HANČ O. (1974): Biotransformation of steroids-chemotaxonomic characteric of lower fungi.  Česká Mykologie 28(3): 169-172   (published: 1974)
  abstract   The mycoflora of southernmost Slovakia, between Nové Zámky, Komárno, and Štúrovo, differs significantly from the rest of the country and resembles Pannonian regions. The author reports 54 herbarium-archived species, including many rare taxa. The area's rich diversity of gilled fungi and Geastrum species is emphasized.

Summa actionum, quae in Quinto Consilio Mycologorum Cechoslovacorum in urbe Olomouc 25.-27.septembri 1973 traditae sunt.  Česká Mykologie 28(2): 104-126   (published: 1974)

HARTMANNOVÁ V., RUPEŠ V., VRÁNOVÁ J. (1973): The effect of some insecticides on Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) and selected fungal species.  Česká Mykologie 27(1): 48-54   (published: 1973)
  abstract   The effects of four insecticides (carbaryl, bromophos, γ-HCH, and fenitrothion) on Tyrophagus putrescentiae mites and selected fungal cultures were tested. Fenitrothion effectively eliminated mites while allowing continued fungal growth. The goal was to find an insecticide that would eliminate mites in fungal collections without harming the fungi.

HÄUSLEROVÁ J. (1972): Occurrence of Saprochaete saccharophyla Coker et Shanor in fungoid growths below thedischarge of breweries.  Česká Mykologie 26(4): 233-237   (published: 1972)
  abstract   Downstream of the wastewater outflow from the brewery at Vysoký Chlumec (Bohemia), a considerable growth of fungal filaments occurs year-round. A permanent investigation from April 1970 to February 1971 revealed a stable composition, including Saprochaete saccharophyla, which appeared in large quantities from September 1970 to January 1971. The systematic placement of this organism remains uncertain. It is mostly found in waste and heavily polluted waters and is considered part of their biocenosis.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1970): Micromycetes unhabiting the mines of Příbram (Czechoslovakia).  Česká Mykologie 24(3): 162-165   (published: 20th July, 1970)
  abstract   Micromycetes isolated from uranium mines in Příbram include frequent pathogenic species like Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus and rare saprophytes such as Scopulariopsis acremonium, Geotrichum microsporum, Humicola brunnea var. africana and Tritirachium sp. nov. Isolations were made from various substrates and miners’ laryngeal swabs.

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1969): Bodenmikromyceten im Gebirge Ždánický les (Steinitzer Wald) und in der Steppe bei Pouzdřany (Pausram).  Česká Mykologie 23(4): 243-252   (published: 15th October, 1969)
  abstract   A total of 122 species of soil micromycetes were identified in 1963 in Ždánický les and the Pouzdřany steppe (South Moravia), including 25 species of Mucorales and 57 of Moniliales. Species diversity was proportional to soil temperature but not to humidity. Steppe was dominated by Aspergillus and Fusarium; forests by Chrysosporium pannorum.

ŠAŠEK V., MUSÍLEK V. (1968): Antibiotic activity of mycorrhizal Basidiomycetes and their relation to thehost-plant parasites.  Česká Mykologie 22(1): 50-55   (published: 1968)
  abstract   35 strains (17 species) of mycorrhizal Basidiomycetes were cultured with Pinus silvestris seedlings. The fungi showed only slight antibiotic activity, which did not increase with seedling presence. In 12% of tests, growth of parasitic fungi was inhibited. Rhizoctonia solani was the most inhibited species.

MIŠÍKOVÁ S. (1967): Experiments with the cultivation of the fungus Sorosporella uvella (Kras.) Giard in a liquid medium.  Česká Mykologie 21(3): 177-184   (published: 1967)
  abstract   Experiments with the cultivation of Sorosporella uvella in liquid medium are presented. This method allows for the faster production of fungal material for infection tests on Galleria mellonella larvae. The paper includes a taxonomic history of the species and notes its potential in biological control.

KOTÝNKOVÁ-SYCHROVÁ E. (1966): The mycoflora of bark-beetle galleries in Czechoslovakia.  Česká Mykologie 20(1): 45-53   (published: 1966)
  abstract   The author investigated fungi found in galleries of bark beetles in 1961–1962. Several important species were isolated, including Leptographium lundbergii, Ceratocystis minor, C. pilifera, and Graphium pycnocephalum. Most had not been recorded in Czechoslovakia previously.

CEJP K. (1961): Fungous diseases of dahlias in Czechslovakia.  Česká Mykologie 15(3): 169-179   (published: 8th July, 1961)

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., VALOŠKOVÁ-KOTULOVÁ A. (1960): Das Vorkommen einer aktiven Giberella`s auf der Slowakei.  Česká Mykologie 14(3): 185-187   (published: 20th July, 1960)

STANĚK M. (1959): The germination of the basidiospores of cultivated mushroom - Agaricus hortensis (Cooke) Pilát. II. The volatile stimulant of germination, produced by mycelium of A. hortensis.  Česká Mykologie 13(4): 241-251   (published: 20th October, 1959)

WICHANSKÝ E. (1959): De speciebus generis Lycogala in Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 13(4): 223-226   (published: 20th October, 1959)

HOFMAN B. (1959): The contribution to the knowledge of the lignicolous mycoflora of the valley „Peklo“ near Nové Město nad Metují, Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 13(4): 217-223   (published: 20th October, 1959)

Literatura.  Česká Mykologie 12(2): 127-128   (published: 20th April, 1958)

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1958): Über zwei Arten der Gattung Melanospora Corda aus der Tschechoslowakei.  Česká Mykologie 12(1): 47-49   (published: 20th January, 1958)

KŘÍŽ K. (1957): Conferencia secunda mycologorum Čechoslovakiae, Brunum 8.-12. junio 1957.  Česká Mykologie 11(4): 193-202   (published: 20th October, 1957)

PŘÍHODA A. (1957): Commutationes ligni vi fungorum excitatae earumque classificatio et declaratio.  Česká Mykologie 11(3): 183-190   (published: 20th August, 1957)

ŠEBEK S. (1956): Poznámky k houbovým chorobám pěstovaných léčivých a aromatických rostlin I.  Česká Mykologie 10(4): 237-242   (published: 5th December, 1956)

UHROVÁ-HEJTMÁNKOVÁ N. (1954): O antibiotických účincích metabolických produktů některých našich dřevokazných hub.  Česká Mykologie 8(2): 87-92   (published: 28th May, 1954)

BUKOWSKI T. (1954): Kukmák pochvatý - Volvaria volvacea (Bull. ex Fr.) quél., nová plevelná houba na pečárkových záhonech.  Česká Mykologie 8(1): 1-4   (published: 18th February, 1954)

FASSATIOVÁ O. (1953): O dvou pozoruhodných druzích rodu Penicillium Link zjištěných na hmyzu.  Česká Mykologie 7(3): 128-132   (published: 15th September, 1953)

CEJP K. (1952): Ruská a sovětská mykologie II.  Česká Mykologie 6(6-7): 81-84   (published: 15th August, 1952)

PŘÍHODA A. (1951): Houby působící hniloby mrkve.  Česká Mykologie 5(1-2): 26-30   (published: 15th February, 1951)

BAUDYŠ E. (1950): O houbách, způsobujících hnilobu ovoce.  Česká Mykologie 4(6-7): 99-102   (published: 15th August, 1950)

PILÁT A. (1948): Hlíva číšovcovitá (Pleurotus cyphelliformis Berk.) v Čechách.  Česká Mykologie 2(3): 74-77   (published: 15th August, 1948)

CEJP K. (1947): Houbová antibiotika I.  Česká Mykologie 1(4): 105-110   (published: 15th December, 1947)

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