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DALDINIA|eschscholtzii":
3 articles found in Index.
DEEPTHI A.S., RAY J.G. (2021): Ecological relevance of the endophytic fungal diversity in velamen roots of tropical epiphytic orchids. [epiphytes, Orchidaceae, root-associated endophytes, Trichoderma, Endomelanconiopsis, Lasiodiplodia.] Czech Mycology 73(1): 91-108 (published: 17th May, 2021)
abstract
The velamen roots in epiphytic orchids are rather complex, and their environmental role remains poorly understood. Fungal associates are known in the velamen roots of tropical orchids, but the magnitude of their diversity in particular species remains unknown. The primary aim of this work was to explore endophytic fungal species associated with the velamen roots of three tropical epiphytic orchids. Velamen roots were collected from 30 plants of Rhynchostylis retusa and 25 plants each of Epidendrum radicans and Oncidium sphacelatum. Endophytic fungi were isolated from 2160 segments. Twenty species of velamen-root-associated fungal endophytes were separated with a culture technique. The isolated strains were grouped into morphotypes, subsequently identified morphologically and by means of ITS DNA barcoding. Ascomycota were the dominant group with 18 species. Trichoderma cf. asperellum, Endomelanconiopsis endophytica, Trichoderma cf. atroviride and Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the most frequent taxa isolated. A majority of the identified fungi were common to more than one orchid. Colonisation rate, isolation rate, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, species richness and species evenness of the endophytic fungi from different orchids were studied and were tested for significance with the Kruskal-Wallis H test. The colonisation rate and isolation rate of fungal associates in the velamen roots were found to be distinctly the lowest in Rhynchostylis retusa.
SANTIAGO K.A.A., DELA CRUZ T.E.E., TING A.S.Y. (2021): Diversity and bioactivity of endolichenic fungi in Usnea lichens of the Philippines. [antibacterial, anticandidal, antioxidant, lichen-associated, Sagada.] Czech Mycology 73(1): 1-19 (published: 14th January, 2021) Electronic supplement
abstract
Endolichenic fungi (ELF; asymptomatic microorganisms living inside healthy lichen thalli) were isolated from three Usnea species, namely U. baileyi, U. bismolliuscula and U. pectinata, collected near the town of Sagada, Philippines. A total of 101 ELF were recovered representing 12 genera (classes Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes), with the genera Nemania (50.5%, 51 isolates) and Xylaria (22.8%, 23 isolates) being the most abundant. Comparative analyses on the antimicrobial activities of lichens and ELF revealed that lichen crude extracts were effective against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans, while ELF crude extracts were effective against S. aureus, C. albicans and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The broad-spectrum nature of ELF has provided medicinal and industrial advantages over the slow-growing lichens as shown on their respective bioactivities. Extracts from ELF also had a higher total flavonoid content (TFC; 6.29–85.69 mg QE/g of extract) and stronger antioxidant activities (IC50: 0.57–19.63 mg/ml) than lichen-derived extracts. Although only culturable ELF were identified, this study provides the first evaluation of the diversity and bioactivities of culturable ELF from fruticose lichens of the genus Usnea in the Philippines.
SAWMYA K., VASUDEVAN T.G., MURALI T.S. (2013): Fungal endophytes from two orchid species - pointer towards organ specificity. [fungal endophytes, environment, orchids, Bulbophyllum neilgherrense, Pholidota pallida] Czech Mycology 65(1): 89-101 (published: 10th June, 2013)
abstract
Fungal endophytes may influence plant communities by altering the host’s fitness either positively or negatively. Little is known, however, about their host/organ specificity, life style and role in plantfungus symbiosis under varying environmental conditions. We compared the leaf and root endophyte assemblages of two orchids (Bulbophyllum neilgherrense and Pholidota pallida) from natural forests and greenhouse conditions. Xylariaceae species were consistently associated with leaf and root tissues, while Guignardia and Pestalotiopsis were found predominantly in the leaf tissues of both orchids. Correspondence analysis of the endophyte assemblages showed that the endophytes exhibited distinct organ but little host specificity. More endophytes were shared by the two different orchids growing in the same location when compared to endophyte assemblages of a single orchid from different locations. Considering the influence of endophytes in shaping the host’s community, diverse habitats must be screened vigorously to address questions regarding the role of endophytes in hostendophyte interactions.
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