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COCHLIOBOLUS|lunatus":
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ABDEL-SATER M.A., MOUBASHER A.H., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2016): Diversity of filamentous and yeast fungi in soil of citrus and grapevine plantations in the Assiut region, Egypt. [Mycobiota, biodiversity, phenotypic and biochemical characterisation, ITS sequence, Coniochaeta canina, Aspergillus stella-maris] Czech Mycology 68(2): 183-214 (published: 20th December, 2016)
abstract
An extensive survey of soil mycobiota on citrus and grapevine plantations in Sahel-Saleem City, Assiut Governorate, Egypt was carried out using the dilution-plate method and 2 isolation media at 25 °C. Sixty-four genera and 195 species of filamentous fungi and 10 genera and 13 species of yeasts were recovered. A higher diversity (number of genera and species) and gross total counts were recovered from citrus than from grapevine soil. The peak of filamentous fungi recovered from both soils was found to be in February. Aspergillus (45 species) was the most dominant genus; A. ochraceus predominated in citrus plantations, while A. niger and A. aculeatus in grapevine. The Penicillium count came second after Aspergillus in citrus (23 species) and after Aspergillus and Fusarium in grapevine (11 species).Penicillium citrinum, P. ochrochloron and P. olsonii were more common in citrus plantations, but they were replaced by P. oxalicum in grapevine soil. Fusarium (19 species) was represented in 88.9–100% of both soils on both media; F. solani predominated in both soils, while F. incarnatum came next in citrus, and F. babinda and F. oxysporum in grapevine. Humicola (3 species) with the dominant H. fuscoatra was recorded in 61.1–83.3% of soil of both plantations, while Talaromyces (with T. purpureogenus followed by T. pinophilus being the most common) was recorded in 83.3–100% on DRBC and 38.9–50% on DYM from the soil of plantations of both crops. Volutella (5 species) was common in citrus but missing from grapevine soil. The present study reveals that hyaline fungi predominated over dark-coloured ones. Yeasts comprised only minor proportions in both soils (maximum 0.5%). They showed their peak in the soil of citrus plantations in April and in grapevine in February. All species were recovered in one or two samples only. Diutina catenulata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces (3 species), Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus were encountered in citrus only, while Cryptococcus laurentii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp. in grapevine only. Physiological and growth characteristics were obtained for most of the recovered yeasts.
ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri. [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism] Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22 (published: 10th April, 2015)
abstract
Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.
MOSTAFA M.E., ZOHRI A.A., KOTBY R.S. (2001): Lipid, sterol and ergosterol accumulation in isolates of dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. [Lipid, sterol, ergosterol, dematiaceous hyphomycetes] Czech Mycology 53(2): 149-159 (published: 20th February, 2002)
abstract
Mycelial dry weight, lipid and sterol contents of fungi tested varied with fungalgenus, species and even with isolate of one species. Their dry mass fluctuated between lll.6±l0.7-457.0±41.5 mg/50 ml medium. Lipids, sterols and ergosterol accumulated by the isolates tested ranged from 4.52±0.5-29.04±2.76%, 1.23±0.16-10.63±l.24% and 0.43±0.057-7.13±0.695% of their dry mass, respectively. Cochliobolus spicifer isolate No. 35 was the highest lipid-producer while Ulocladium atrum No. 90 proved to be superior in the production of sterols and ergosterol. TLC technique and chemical analysis of lipid classes produced by U. atrium No. 90 revealed that the lipid fractions are composed of free sterols, free fatty acids, sterol esters, glycolipids, phospholipids and squalene.
GHERBAWY Y.A.M.H., ABDELZAHER H.M.A. (1999): Isolation of fungi from tomato rhizosphere and evaluation of the effect of some fungicides and biological agents on the production of cellulase enzymes by Nectria haematococca and Pythium ultimum var. ultimum. [Biologicalcontrol, root-rot, fungicides Nectria haematococca, Pythium ultimum var. ultimum] Czech Mycology 51(2-3): 157-170 (published: 25th May, 1999)
abstract
Forty-five species and two species varieties belonging to twenty-six genera of fungi were isolated from 30 soil samples from the rhizosphere of tomato plants. The fungi most frequently isolated were Aspergillus flavus, A.fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Gibberella fujikuroi, Nectria haematococca and Rhizopus stolonifer. Ridomil and Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) had no significant effects on the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes of Nectria haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but slightly decreased at 100ppm. Vitavax-captan (10, 50 and 100ppm) significantly decreased Cl enzyme activities of N. haematococca. Cₓ enzyme activity was slightly increased at 10 and 50ppm, but at 100 ppm it showed a slightly inhibitory effect. Ridomil caused a slight increase in the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes by Pythium ultimum var. ultimum at low and moderate doses but the highest dose of Ridomil caused a slight reduction. Vitavax-captan slightly increased the activity of Cₓ and Cl enzymes in P. ultimum var. ultimum. Normal and sterilised filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum induced a small decrease in Cl enzyme activity of Nectria haematococca. The sterilised filtrates of the three fungi tested caused greater inhibition compared to the normal filtrate. The production of Cₓ enzyme was slightly increased with normal and sterilised filtrates of Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum, but was significantly increased by both types of filtrates of Myrothecium verrucaria. The two types of filtrate of all fungi tested did not significantly affect the activity of Cl and Cₓ enzymes by lithium ultimum var. ultimum. Production of extracellular protein by Nectria haematococca was not significantly affected by any dose of the tested fungi cides. It was slightly increased by the two types of filtrate of the three tested fungi but significantly increased by the normal filtrate of Myrothecium verrucaria. The normal filtrate of all the fungi tested enhanced extracellular protein production to a greater extent than the sterilised filtrate. Extracellular proteins of Pythium ultimum var. ultimum were slightly increased by all doses of Vitavax-captan and low doses only of Ridomil, also two types of filtrate of all tested fungi caused a slightly increasing effect.
OTČENÁŠEK M., DVOŘÁK J. (1985): Fungi infecting man. Taxonomy of agents of human mycoses in an alphabetical survey. Česká Mykologie 39(3): 155-164 (published: 1985)
abstract
An orientational survey of taxonomy of fungi which have been described as agents of human mycoses is given. An alphabetical list of 163 agents contains data on synonyms of the individual species and organs afflicted by them. The literature citation of the earliest paper calling attention to pathogenicity is provided. Current nomenclature of anamorph and teleomorph stages and their mutual relation is discussed.
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