Search results (Index filtered)

Search for "CANDIDA": 148 articles found in Index.

MÜLLER J. (2010): Beitrag zur mykofloristischen Erforschung der Rost-, Brand und Falschen Mehltaupilze auf dem Králický Sněžník (Glatzer Schneeberg) und seiner Umgebung (Tschechische Republik).   [Králický Sněžník, Peronosporomycetes, Pucciniomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes, Microbotryomycetes]  Czech Mycology 62(1): 87-101   (published: 15th February, 2011)
  abstract   Between 1889 and 2001 a total of 17 species of downy mildews (Peronosporomycetes), 6 species of smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes), 79 species (respectively varieties) of rust fungi (Pucciniomycetes), and 2 species of Microbotryomycetes were found in the Králický Sněžník and its surroundings. The investigated territory is delimited, a brief history of the research into these micromycetes is given, and a survey of 10 species of downy mildews, 2 species of smuts and 55 species of rusts found by the author is given. The results of the research were compared with historical records. The author found 34 species new to the territory concerned. On the other hand, he has not been able to verify the occurrence of 37 species recorded by previous mycologists, especially on the summit of Králický Sněžník.

MALYSHEVA E.F., MOROZOVA O.V. (2009): Notes on Hemimycena from European Russia.   [Agaricales, Hemimycena, new species, European Russia, taxonomy]  Czech Mycology 61(1): 27-71   (published: 29th September, 2009)
  abstract   A study of the genus Hemimycena in European Russia has revealed 19 taxa. Ten species are recorded for the first time in this territory and three new species (Hemimycena globulifera, H.stiriispora, and H. tanjae) are proposed. All species examined are described in detail and fully illustrated. Also a identification key to delimit the studied species is provided.

DIETRICH W. (2005): Die Rost-, Brand- und Falschen Mehltaupilze des tschechischen Teiles des Erzgebirges (Krušné hory): erster Nachtrag.   [Peronosporales, Urediniomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes, Czech Republic, Krušné hory]  Czech Mycology 57(3-4): 257-273   (published: 10th February, 2006)
  abstract   In the years 2000-2004 several species of Urediniomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes and Peronosporales were found that are new to the Czech part of the Krušné hory Mts. A total of 57 taxa had not been pub­lished before. In this region 227species, subspecies and varieties are known to date. The distribution of selected species is shortly discussed and compared with the literature. Characteristic species of the more arid and warmer area of the south-east as well as the highest altitudes of the Krušné hory Mts. are enumerated. New hosts in the Czech Republic are the following: Calthapalustris subsp.procumbens for Puccinia calthae, Chaerophyllumhirsutum for Puccinia bistortae, Pinus x pseudopumilio for Coleosporium senecionis, Poa chaixii for Puccinia graminis and Phyteuma nigrum for Uromyces phyteumatum. The western and eastern parts of the Krušné hory Mts. have so far been investigated only to a minor extent.

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P. (1990): Key to histological identification of causative agents in systemic mycoses II.  Česká Mykologie 44(2): 65-76   (published: 22nd June, 1990)
  abstract   Based on authors’ experience and data from literature the key suggests identification of microscopical fungi according to morphology of mycotic elements found in histological sections from human and animal tissues. Part II: Concise information about species and varieties comprising remarks on occurrence and character of diseases in humans and animals, morphology of fungi in tissues and histopathological pictures.

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P. (1989): Key to histological identification of causative agents in systemic mycoses I.  Česká Mykologie 44(1): 1-13   (published: 22nd February, 1990)
  abstract   Based on authors' experience and data from literature the key suggests identification of microscopical fungi according to morphology of mycotic elements found in histological sections from human and animal tissues. Part I: Introduction. Extent and contents of the key. Diagnostic features. Survey of taxa. Key.

FRAGNER P. (1985): Keys for identification of yeasts from human material according to new points of view.  Česká Mykologie 39(4): 234-242   (published: 8th November, 1985)
  abstract   Identification keys were presented for 46 yeasts from human material in this country. Based on the author's own cultures and experience, they conform with the modern monograph by Kreger-van Rij et al. Some new trends and issues in yeast diagnostics are also addressed.

OTČENÁŠEK M., DVOŘÁK J. (1985): Fungi infecting man. Taxonomy of agents of human mycoses in an alphabetical survey.  Česká Mykologie 39(3): 155-164   (published: 1985)
  abstract   An orientational survey of taxonomy of fungi which have been described as agents of human mycoses is given. An alphabetical list of 163 agents contains data on synonyms of the individual species and organs afflicted by them. The literature citation of the earliest paper calling attention to pathogenicity is provided. Current nomenclature of anamorph and teleomorph stages and their mutual relation is discussed.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., ŠVORCOVÁ L., BREIEROVÁ E., DELGADO R. (1984): Taxonomic characteristics of yeasts isolated from bath facilities.  Česká Mykologie 38(1): 11-20   (published: 1984)
  abstract   This paper deals with the taxonomy and identification of yeasts and yeast-like organisms isolated from West-Bohemian bath facilities, as bath pools and their environments. The ecological, hygienical and sanitary aspects will be introduced elsewhere. This study follows the previous paper of Švorcová (1982).

FRAGNER P. (1979): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part V.  Česká Mykologie 33(2): 106-117   (published: 1979)
  abstract   Using simplified identification keys, 54 yeast species and two varieties occurring in human clinical material in Czechoslovakia were determined. The revised method is more accurate and economical than previous approaches. Descriptions of eight new species or varieties and diagnostic supplements are included.

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part IV.  Česká Mykologie 32(4): 235-245   (published: 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the identification of yeasts in human material is presented. Part IV of this series describes several species from the genera Torulopsis and Trichosporon. The article discusses limitations of the rapid method and current challenges in yeast identification.

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part II.  Česká Mykologie 32(3): 129-143   (published: 15th August, 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the determination of yeasts occurring in human material in our territory is presented. The first part (I) (Ces. Mykol. 32 (1): 32–42, 1978) contained the following paragraphs: Introduction, Material and Methods, Laboratory Studies and Nutrient Media, Survey of the Species, Incidence and Distribution, Key. This part, the second of the series (II), contains a detailed characteristics of the species of the Candida Berkhout genus in the culture forms occurring in our country. Macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the cultures, auxanograms, zymograms, growth at 37 °C, data on the pathogenicity for humans and animals as well as those on the origin of the cultures, etc. are presented. The following parts will contain characteristics of the species of other genera.

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part I.  Česká Mykologie 32(1): 32-42   (published: 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the determination of yeasts occurring in human material on our territory is presented. It summarizes our experiences gained with more than 15,000 cultures during the last 20 years. According to our procedures it is possible to fairly exactly determine approximately 98% of yeasts within 48 hours or earlier, presuming that pure cultures are at hand. The key is based primarily on assimilation of glucose, galactose, sucrose, maltose and lactose, potassium nitrate assimilation, and macroscopic and microscopic appearance of the cultures. Some groups also use auxanograms of additional carbon sources and zymograms.

FÁBRY I. (1974): Mykoflora der südlichen Slowakei.  Česká Mykologie 28(3): 173-178   (published: 1974)

SVRČEK M., KUBIČKA J. (1971): Zweiter Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Mykoflora des Urwaldes „Žofínský prales“ im Gebirge Novohradské hory (Südböhmen).  Česká Mykologie 25(2): 103-111   (published: 1971)
  abstract   This article presents results of continued mycological exploration in the Žofínský virgin forest (Novohradské hory, southern Bohemia), conducted during 11 excursions between 1966–1969. 225 new fungal species were recorded, bringing the total known to 462. Newly added taxa include 58 Aphyllophorales, 112 Agaricales, 1 Gasteromycete, 35 Discomycetes, 9 Pyrenomycetes, 3 Hyphomycetes, and 7 Myxomycetes. The remaining unidentified material is to be processed in a future contribution.

FRAGNER P., KVIČERA J. (1968): Candida albicans non-forming chlamydospores.  Česká Mykologie 22(2): 112-113   (published: 1968)
  abstract   In examining the vaginal candidoses of prostitutes and suspected prostitutes, the authors isolated Candida albicans strains that did not form chlamydospores. The clinical pictures generally did not correspond to typical candidosis, and the animal experiments showed reduced pathogenicity.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., ŠMARDA F., POKORNÁ M. (1965): Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie der hefeartigen Mikroorganismen. Die hefeartigen Mikroorganismen auf der oberfläche der höheren Pilze aus dem Böhmisch-Mährischen Höhenzug und aus dem Brünner Bergland in Mähren.  Česká Mykologie 19(2): 114-120   (published: 1965)
  abstract   The authors isolated yeast-like microorganisms from the surface of fruitbodies of higher fungi collected in the forests of the Bohemian-Moravian Highlands and the Brno Uplands in 1962. Among 119 isolated strains, 12 were identified as Aureobasidium pullulans. Of the remaining 107 strains, 48.59% belonged to Candida, 29.9% to Torulopsis, 18.69% to Rhodotorula, and 2.8% to sporogenic yeasts. These organisms exhibit features typical of primitive species.

ŠEBEK S. (1964): Die Bauchpilze des Sanddünengebietes im böhmischen Zentral-Elbetalgebeit.  Česká Mykologie 18(2): 109-116   (published: 16th April, 1964)
  abstract   A study summarizing 15 years of mycological research (1948–1962) in the sand dune area near Nymburk (Central Bohemia) focusing on gasteromycetes. The paper highlights xerothermic species as indicators of relict "sand steppe" habitats and compares findings with similar sites in the Danube region.

PILÁT A., KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A. (1962): Carposomata Agarici xanthodermi Gen. fungo saccharomycetiformi Candida humicola (Daszewska) Diddens et Lodder infecta et deformata.  Česká Mykologie 16(2): 83-86   (published: 13th April, 1962)

ŠEBEK S. (1961): On the steppe mycoflora on the State Nature Reserve „Chroustov“ at Radim (Bohemia).  Česká Mykologie 15(2): 93-97   (published: 20th April, 1961)

FRÁGNER P. (1960): Ein Beitrag zur Variabilität Candida robusta Diddens et Lodder.  Česká Mykologie 14(3): 152-157   (published: 20th July, 1960)

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., PETROVÁ M. (1959): The occurence of yeasts and yeast like microorganism in the montainous region of Malé Karpaty.  Česká Mykologie 13(1): 37-50   (published: 20th January, 1959)

FRÁGNER P., TOMAN K. (1958): Varietas variabilis Candidae albicantis (Robin) Berkhout.  Česká Mykologie 12(1): 8-11   (published: 20th January, 1958)

KOTLABA F., POUZAR Z. (1957): Notes on classification of european pore fungi.  Česká Mykologie 11(3): 152-170   (published: 20th August, 1957)

FRÁGNER P. (1957): Candida Krusei (Cast.) Berkhout; aliquod formae variabiles e materiis nostris.  Česká Mykologie 11(3): 149-152   (published: 20th August, 1957)

FRÁGNER P. (1956): Candida albicans (Robin 1853) Berkhout 1923, několik kulturálních forem u nás běžných.  Česká Mykologie 10(4): 251-254   (published: 5th December, 1956)

ŠEBEK S. (1950): Poznámky k ekologii žaludice bělostné - Disciseda candida [Schw.] Lloyd.  Česká Mykologie 4(1-2): 22-23   (published: 15th February, 1950)

KRUPODOROVA T., BARSHTEYN V., KIZITSKA T., RATUSHNYAK V., BLUME Y. (2023): Antagonistic activity of selected macromycetes against two harmful micromycetes.   [ascomycetes, Aspergillus niger, basidiomycetes, dual-culture, Penicillium polonicum.]  Czech Mycology 75(1): 85-100   (published: 23rd June, 2023)
  abstract   Competition between 31 macromycete species and two harmful micromycetes Aspergillus niger and Penicillium polonicum was evaluated using dual-culture plate assay. All investigated fungi, except for Inonotus obliquus and Lepista luscina, possessed different levels of antagonistic activity against the tested micromycetes. Hypsizygus marmoreus and Lyophyllum shimeji were inactive against A. niger. Morchella esculenta and Oxyporus obducens were passive in the case of co-growth with P. polonicum. The study of fungal interactions showed variability in types of reactions and level of their visualisation. Co-cultivation of the studied species resulted in the following reactions: deadlock after mycelial contact and at a distance, partial or complete replacement after initial deadlock on contact. In general, the studied macromycetes showed moderate activity against the two micromycetes, as 11 species showed active and 7 species moderate antagonism. Results revealed higher antagonistic activity of macromycetes against P. polonicum than in A. niger co-cultures. Wood-decaying species Ganoderma lucidum and Trametes versicolor were the most active fungi against the two tested micromycetes with a maximal antagonism index. These findings provide valuable insights which can be further explored by means of in vivo assays to find a suitable agent for the biocontrol of diseases or spoilage caused by A. niger and P. polonicum.

PANCHAL S., MURALI T.S., SURYANARAYANAN T.S., SANYAL K. (2022): Hypersaline fungi as a source of potentially active metabolites against pathogenic Candida species.   [antifungal, bioprospecting, filamentous fungi, extremotolerant, hypersaline environment.]  Czech Mycology 74(1): 93-101   (published: 22nd April, 2022)
  abstract   Opportunistic and nosocomial human infections by various Candida species are of serious global health concern especially due to the spread of drug resistant strains and lack of treatment options. One of the main problems of bioprospecting for novel antimycotics is the rediscovery of already known molecules. To reduce the chances of such rediscoveries, one option is to search for unique metabolites from microbes of less studied and extreme habitats. Thirty-five fungal strains were isolated from solar salterns and the methanolic extracts of their culture supernatants were tested for the inhibition of human-pathogenic Candida albicans, C. dubliniensis, C. glabrata, C. lusitaniae, C. tropicalis, and two clinical isolates of C. auris. Of the fungi screened, two, viz. Curvularia nodosa and Fusarium cf. foetens, showed significant growth inhibition of all the Candida species. Although the effective molecules were not identified in this preliminary screening, it highlights the importance of bioprospecting fungi from extreme environments which have been neglected in the search for novel antibiotics.

SANTIAGO K.A.A., DELA CRUZ T.E.E., TING A.S.Y. (2021): Diversity and bioactivity of endolichenic fungi in Usnea lichens of the Philippines.   [antibacterial, anticandidal, antioxidant, lichen-associated, Sagada.]  Czech Mycology 73(1): 1-19   (published: 14th January, 2021)   Electronic supplement
  abstract   Endolichenic fungi (ELF; asymptomatic microorganisms living inside healthy lichen thalli) were isolated from three Usnea species, namely U. baileyi, U. bismolliuscula and U. pectinata, collected near the town of Sagada, Philippines. A total of 101 ELF were recovered representing 12 genera (classes Sordariomycetes and Eurotiomycetes), with the genera Nemania (50.5%, 51 isolates) and Xylaria (22.8%, 23 isolates) being the most abundant. Comparative analyses on the antimicrobial activities of lichens and ELF revealed that lichen crude extracts were effective against the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and the yeast Candida albicans, while ELF crude extracts were effective against S. aureus, C. albicans and the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. The broad-spectrum nature of ELF has provided medicinal and industrial advantages over the slow-growing lichens as shown on their respective bioactivities. Extracts from ELF also had a higher total flavonoid content (TFC; 6.29–85.69 mg QE/g of extract) and stronger antioxidant activities (IC₅₀: 0.57–19.63 mg/ml) than lichen-derived extracts. Although only culturable ELF were identified, this study provides the first evaluation of the diversity and bioactivities of culturable ELF from fruticose lichens of the genus Usnea in the Philippines.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., KUBÁTOVÁ A., SKLENÁŘ F., HUBKA V. (2018): Microscopic fungi on cadavers and skeletons from cave and mine environments   [European caves, abandoned mines, dead bodies, bones, mammals, frogs, spiders, isopods, micromycetes]  Czech Mycology 70(2): 101-121   (published: 19th August, 2018)
  abstract   During long-term studies of microscopic fungi in 80 European caves and mine environments many cadavers and skeletons of animals inhabiting these environments and various animal visitors were found, some of them with visible microfungal growth. Direct isolation, the dilution plate method and various types of isolation media were used. The resulting spectrum of isolated fungi is presented and compared with records about their previous isolation. Compared to former studies focused mainly on bat mycobiota, this paper contributes to a wider knowledge of fungal assemblages colonising various animal bodies in underground environments.The most interesting findings include ascocarps of Acaulium caviariforme found abundant on mammals cadavers, while Botryosporium longibrachiatum isolated from frogs, Chaetocladium jonesiae from bats and Penicillium vulpinum from spiders represent the first records of these species from cadavers or skeletons.

MOUBASHER A.H., ABDEL-SATER M.A., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2018): Diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in mud from hypersaline and freshwater bodies in Egypt.   [fungal diversity, alkalinity, Wadi El-Natrun, lakes, Ibrahimia Canal, River Nile, molecular characterisation, ITS]  Czech Mycology 70(1): 1-32   (published: 26th January, 2018)
  abstract   The diversity of yeasts and filamentous fungi in muds from hypersaline alkaline lakes of Wadi ElNatrun and fresh water of the Nile River and Ibrahimia Canal was evaluated. The mean pH of saline water mud was 9.21, but fresh water mud registered 8.07. A total of 193 species (two varieties were distinguished in two of them) belonging to 67 genera were recovered from both muds investigated on DRBC (55 genera, 164 species), DG18 (36 genera, 117 species) and MY50G (23 genera, 76 species) media. From these, 17 species assigned to 12 genera were yeasts and 176 species and 2 varieties assigned to 55 genera were filamentous fungi. The highest numbers of fungal propagules were recovered on DRBC from freshwater mud, while the lowest on MY50G from saline water mud. Yeasts constituted a small proportion of all propagules from the two mud types on all three media, whereas filamentous fungi were the major component. However, freshwater mud samples yielded higher numbers of yeast genera and species using all three media. Candida was common in freshwater mud and rare in saline water mud, while Meyerozyma and Rhodotorula were infrequent in both muds. The remaining yeast species were recovered from freshwater mud only. Aspergillus (46 species) was the most common genus of filamentous fungi encountered in all samples, ranging in frequency from 39.82% to 96.62%; A. terreus, A. flavipes and A. niger dominated in both types of mud. Cladosporium (9 species), Fusarium (8 species), Penicillium (18 species) and Scopulariopsis (7 species) were encountered in both types of mud. Notably, 47 filamentous species were isolated only on the media with lower water activity (DG18, MY50G).

MARWA ABDEL-KAREEM M., ZOHRI A.A. (2017): Inhibition of three toxigenic fungal strains and their toxins production using selenium nanoparticles.   [Se-NPs, mycotoxigenic moulds, mycotoxins, aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, sterigmatocystin]  Czech Mycology 69(2): 193-204   (published: 24th November, 2017)
  abstract   Spoilage and poisoning of foods by microfungi are a major problem, especially in developing countries. While selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been used for a wide range of applications including antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer applications, the effects of Se-NPs on fungal strains remain for the most part unknown to date. Our research is a pioneering attempt to evaluate the antifungal activity and antimycotoxin properties of Se-NPs (32 nm). Se-NPs at different concentrations were evaluated against the growth and mycotoxins production of three toxigenic fungal strains. The growth of Aspergillus parasiticus, A. ochraceus and A. nidulans was completely inhibited using 7000, 9000 and 3000 μg/ml of Se-NPs, respectively, while the complete inhibition in aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and sterigmatocystin production was reported by addition of 2000, 2000, and 800 μg/ml of Se-NPs, respectively. Results of this study show that Se-NPs were effective against the fungal strains tested and their toxin production. These results suggest that Se-NPs could be used as an effective microfungicide in agricultural and food safety applications against toxigenic microfungi.

ĎURIŠKA O., ANTONÍN V., PARA R., TOMŠOVSKÝ M., JANČOVIČOVÁ S. (2017): Taxonomy, ecology and distribution of Melanoleuca strictipes (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) in Europe.   [taxonomy, phylogeny, M. subalpina, M. substrictipes var. sarcophyllum]  Czech Mycology 69(1): 15-30   (published: 9th May, 2017)
  abstract   Melanoleuca strictipes (P. Karst.) Métrod, a species characterised by whitish colours and macrocystidia in the hymenium, has for years been identified as several different species. Based on morphological studies of 61 specimens from eight countries and a phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences, including type material of M. subalpina and M. substrictipes var. sarcophyllum, we confirm conspecificity of these specimens and their identity as M. strictipes. The lectotype of this species is designated here. The morphological and ecological characteristics of this species are presented.

ABDEL-SATER M.A., MOUBASHER A.H., SOLIMAN Z.S.M. (2016): Diversity of filamentous and yeast fungi in soil of citrus and grapevine plantations in the Assiut region, Egypt.   [Mycobiota, biodiversity, phenotypic and biochemical characterisation, ITS sequence, Coniochaeta canina, Aspergillus stella-maris]  Czech Mycology 68(2): 183-214   (published: 20th December, 2016)
  abstract   An extensive survey of soil mycobiota on citrus and grapevine plantations in Sahel-Saleem City, Assiut Governorate, Egypt was carried out using the dilution-plate method and 2 isolation media at 25 °C. Sixty-four genera and 195 species of filamentous fungi and 10 genera and 13 species of yeasts were recovered. A higher diversity (number of genera and species) and gross total counts were recovered from citrus than from grapevine soil. The peak of filamentous fungi recovered from both soils was found to be in February. Aspergillus (45 species) was the most dominant genus; A. ochraceus predominated in citrus plantations, while A. niger and A. aculeatus in grapevine. The Penicillium count came second after Aspergillus in citrus (23 species) and after Aspergillus and Fusarium in grapevine (11 species).Penicillium citrinum, P. ochrochloron and P. olsonii were more common in citrus plantations, but they were replaced by P. oxalicum in grapevine soil. Fusarium (19 species) was represented in 88.9–100% of both soils on both media; F. solani predominated in both soils, while F. incarnatum came next in citrus, and F. babinda and F. oxysporum in grapevine. Humicola (3 species) with the dominant H. fuscoatra was recorded in 61.1–83.3% of soil of both plantations, while Talaromyces (with T. purpureogenus followed by T. pinophilus being the most common) was recorded in 83.3–100% on DRBC and 38.9–50% on DYM from the soil of plantations of both crops. Volutella (5 species) was common in citrus but missing from grapevine soil. The present study reveals that hyaline fungi predominated over dark-coloured ones. Yeasts comprised only minor proportions in both soils (maximum 0.5%). They showed their peak in the soil of citrus plantations in April and in grapevine in February. All species were recovered in one or two samples only. Diutina catenulata, Debaryomyces hansenii, Galactomyces (3 species), Hanseniaspora occidentalis, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Meyerozyma caribbica, and Schwanniomyces pseudopolymorphus were encountered in citrus only, while Cryptococcus laurentii, Pichia kudriavzevii, Meyerozyma guilliermondii and Rhodotorula sp. in grapevine only. Physiological and growth characteristics were obtained for most of the recovered yeasts.

PARVEEN S., WANI A.H., BHAT M.Y., KOKA J.A. (2016): Biological control of postharvest fungal rots of rosaceous fruits using microbial antagonists and plant extracts - a review.   [biological control, postharvest diseases, microbial pesticides, rosaceous fruits]  Czech Mycology 68(1): 41-66   (published: 1st February, 2016)
  abstract   This article aims to give a comprehensive review on the use of microbial antagonists (fungi and bacteria), botanicals and compost extracts as biocontrol agents against different pathogenic fungi causing postharvest fungal rots in rosaceous fruits which shows that they can play an important role in the biomanagement of fungi causing rot diseases. Plant extracts reported in the literature against pathogenic fungi indicate that they can act as a good biological resource for producing safe biofungicides. However most of the work has been done under experimental conditions rather than field conditions. There is still a need for research to develop suitable formulations of biofungicides from these microbial biocontrol agents and plant extracts. The review reveals that extensive ecological research is also required in order to achieve optimum utilisation of biological resources to manage various postharvest diseases of fruits.

MÜLLER J. (2015): Seltenere Falsche Mehltaupilze, Rost- und Brandpilze der Tschechischen und Slowakischen Republik. I. Teil Peronosporomycetes.   [Albuginales, Peronosporales, Czech and Slovak Republics]  Czech Mycology 67(1): 69-83   (published: 29th May, 2015)
  abstract   In this paper the author publishes the first part of a list of his collections of downy mildews (Peronosporomycetes), rusts (Pucciniomycetes) and smuts (Ustilaginomycetes and Microbotryomycetes) collected from 1949 to 2013 on the entire territory of the Czech and Slovak Republics. In this part the samples which he has identified to date, in total 120 species on 218 host plants, are presented.Of these species the most interesting are Knautia × posoniensis as a new host of Peronospora violacea, Plasmoverna pygmaea s. l. on Aconitum plicatum in the Hrubý Jeseník mountains as the only known locality in the Czech Republic, Peronospora dianthicola as a species new to Moravia and 29 host plants new to Moravia.

ABDEL-HAFEZ S.I.I., ABO-ELYOUSR K.A.M., ABDEL-RAHIM I.R. (2015): Leaf surface and endophytic fungi associated with onion leaves and their antagonistic activity against Alternaria porri.   [phyllosphere, phylloplane, endophytes, purple blotch disease, antagonism]  Czech Mycology 67(1): 1-22   (published: 10th April, 2015)
  abstract   Sixty-eight fungal species belonging to 29 genera were isolated as leaf surface and endophytic fungi from healthy and purple blotch diseased onion leaves. The fungal populations associated with diseased onion leaves (1.360 × 103 CFU/g leaf in the phyllosphere, 2.614 CFU/leaf segment in the phylloplane and 1.324 CFU/leaf segment in the surface-sterilised diseased leaves) were higher than those in healthy samples (0.804 × 103 CFU in the phyllosphere, 1.184 CFU in the phylloplane, and 0.35 CFU as endophytes). Endophytic fungi of healthy leaves were represented by 12 genera and 15 species, while fungi of surface-sterilised diseased leaves included 17 species from 13 genera. The mycobiota associated with surface-sterilised diseased leaves were different from the endophytic fungi of healthy samples, whereas the disease may stimulate colonisation of opportunistic fungi causing secondary infections such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, Alternaria alternata and Cladosporium spp. In contrast, healthy leaves were a source of antagonistic endophytic fungi such as Trichoderma harzianum and T. koningii. Testing the antagonistic effect of 91 fungal isolates against Alternaria porri showed that nine isolates of Trichoderma produced the highest suppressive potential (73.1%) depending on competition and mycoparasitism. Epicoccum nigrum and Penicillium oxalicum exhibited antibiosis against A. porri producing a 12 mm broad inhibition zone. In conclusion, the quantitative and qualitative compositions of fungi associated with onion leaves were distinctly influenced by A. porri infection. Mycobiota associated with asymptomatic onion leaves such as Epicoccum nigrum, Penicillium oxalicum and Trichoderma harzianum are a natural source of eco-friendly bioagents. They showed an effective antagonistic potential against A. porri, and may thus be applied as an alternative to fungicides.

ANTONÍN V., KRAMOLIŠ J., TOMŠOVSKÝ M. (2012): Two collections of albinotic forms of Tubaria (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Inocybaceae).   [Tubaria hiemalis, Tubaria romagnesiana, Tubaria furfuracea, albinotic forms, taxonomy, ITS]  Czech Mycology 64(2): 197-208   (published: 7th December, 2012)
  abstract   The record of an albinotic Tubaria from the Czech Republic was studied and compared with a macroscopically similar collection from Norway. However, the two specimens represent different taxa due to both morphological characters and DNA sequences. The main microscopic characters usually used for species identification of the Tubaria furfuracea complex (including T. furfuracea, T. hiemalis, and T. romagnesiana) are discussed on the base of studied collections from the BRNM herbarium. According to our studies, the main characters (size of basidiospores, shape and size of cheilocystidia, width of the hymenophoral trama hyphae) usually used for identification of these three species are not generally applicable. Further detailed anatomic-morphological and molecular studies are desirable to solve the problem of species limits in the Tubaria furfuracea complex.

TALIGOOLA H.K., ISMAIL M.A., CHEBON S.K. (2011): Mycobiota and aflatoxins associated with imported rice grains stored in Uganda.   [rice grain, xerophilic fungi, nephrotoxigenic penicillia, Fusarium, aflatoxins]  Czech Mycology 63(1): 93-107   (published: 10th August, 2011)
  abstract   Milled rice grains imported into Uganda from Pakistan were investigated for natural contamination by fungi and aflatoxins. The direct plating method using five isolation media was used to enumerate and isolate the fungi during a 270-day storage period. Fungi were isolated and identified to species level and the percentage contamination levels were calculated. A total of 35 species belonging to 16 genera were recorded. The broadest species spectrum were found in the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Eurotium and Fusarium, which were represented by 11, 7, 4, and 3 species, respectively. Throughout the storage period, xerophilic fungi including Aspergillus candidus, Eurotium amstelodami and E. chevalieri were predominantly isolated. Species of the genus Penicillium (particularly P. pinophilum) and its teleomorph Talaromyces ranked second in predominance, while Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium spp. and other field fungi occurred only sporadically. Aflatoxins were recorded in rice samples during most storage periods with one sample recording 20–50 ppb. The moisture content increased in rice grains attaining values of over 14 % from the 180th day of storage onwards. A positive correlation was observed between moisture content and incidence of xerophiles, including A. candidus and E. amstelodami.

ABDULLAH S.K., MONFORT E., ASENSIO L., SALINAS J., LOPEZ LLORCA L.V., JANSSON H.B. (2010): Soil mycobiota of date palm plantations in Elche, SE Spain.   [soil saprotrophic fungi, phytopathogenic fungi, Phoenix dactylifera, isolation methods]  Czech Mycology 61(2): 149-162   (published: 10th August, 2010)
  abstract   The mycobiota of soil from date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) plantations in Elche, SE Spain was examined using 23 soil samples and five isolation methods. One hundred and nineteen species assigned to 67 genera were isolated. The most frequent species were in decreasing order: Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Neosartorya spinosa, Thielaviopsis punctulata, Chaetomium bostrychodes, Gilmaniella macrospora, Aspergillus candidus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus microsporus, Sordaria fimicola, Aspergillus terreus, Chaetomium murorum, Fusarium solani, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium citrinum and Thielaviopsis paradoxa. The thermotolerant and thermophilic species of Malbranchea cinnamomea, Myriococcum thermophilum, Rhizomucor miehei, Scytalidium thermophilum, Talaromyces emersonii, Thermoascus aurantiacus and Thermomyces lanuginosus were detected in various frequencies of occurrence. Our findings are compared with those from a similar survey of soil from date palm plantations in Iraq. Our study indicates that there is no characteristic mycobiota for soil in date palm plantations except for the more frequent isolation of some species well known as pathogens on date palm.

ZOUHAR M., DOUDA O., NOVOTNÝ D., NOVÁKOVÁ J., MAZÁKOVÁ J. (2010): Evaluation of the pathogenicity of selected nematophagous fungi.   [nematophagous fungi, nematodes, pathogenicity, Arthrobotrys, Dactylellina, Dactylella, Pochonia, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Globodera rostochiensis, Meloidogyne hapla]  Czech Mycology 61(2): 139-147   (published: 10th August, 2010)
  abstract   The virulence of selected strains of six nematophagous fungi on three species of phytopathogenic nematodes was evaluated, whereby differences in pathogenicity between the investigated fungal taxa were found. Arthrobotrys oligospora was the most pathogenic fungus to all three tested species of nematodes.

MÜLLER J., KOKEŠ P. (2008): Erweitertes Verzeichnis der Falschen Mehltaupilze Mährens und tschechisch Schlesiens.   [Peronosporales, host plants, numbers of localities, herbaria specimens, Moravia, Czech Silesia (east Czech Republic)]  Czech Mycology 60(1): 91-104   (published: 4th July, 2008)
  abstract   The paper represents an extended version of the Checklist of downy mildews of Moravia and Silesia, into which rusts and smuts were included, as published in Czech Mycology 56: 121–148, 2004.The current checklist includes 176 species and 514 combinations of downy mildews and host plants.For each species of downy mildew its host plants are specified and for every host plant the number of localities on which the downy mildew was recorded, including the year of the latest record and abbreviations of the herbaria in which the specimens are deposited. This checklist was elaborated mostly according to data published in literature.

LYSKOVÁ P. (2007): Saprotrophic microscopic fungi and dermatophytes accompanying infections of the skin and nails of patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic).   [saprotrophic microscopic fungi, dermatophytes, superficial mycose, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis]  Czech Mycology 59(1): 125-137   (published: 28th June, 2007)
  abstract   Over a 19-month period, the spectrum of saprotrophic microscopic fungi isolated from 245 patients in the Moravian-Silesian Region (Czech Republic) was analysed. Saprotrophic microscopic fungi were isolated from nails (90 %) and skin (10 %). None was isolated from hair. The material was the most frequently positive for the presence of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (32.6 %) followed by Cladosporium sphaerospermum (5.3 %), Aspergillus versicolor (4.0 %), Geomyces pannorum (4.0 %) and others.Dermatophytes and saprotrophic microscopic fungi were both studied within one year and represented 1110 isolates. Dermatophytes were isolated in most of the cases and represented 943 isolations (85 %). The saprotrophic microscopic fungus Scopulariopsis brevicaulis is a known causative agent of onychomycosis. In the evaluation including dermatophytes it ended in the 3rd position with 5.2 % of isolations behind Trichophyton rubrum (80 %) and T. mentagrophytes (8 %).

Colloquium „Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - III“ Olomouc, Czech Republic, 2 September 2005.  Czech Mycology 57(3-4): 307-323   (published: 10th February, 2006)
  abstract   The colloquium was a continuation of the previous scientific meetings that took place in Olomouc in 1999 and 2002 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000 and 55: 103-149, 2003). It was organised by the Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The aim of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on experimental mycology in all branches of basic and applied research. Besides two plenary lectures, 8 short communications and 8 posters were presented. In total 32 researchers from the Czech and Slovak Republics took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further development of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

VĚZDA A. (2004): Notes on the exsiccatum „Vězda: Lichenes rariores“ with Index to fascicles 1-50 (Nos. 1-500).   [Lichenes rariores exsiccati, Antonín Vězda, date of publication, new taxa, combinations, types]  Czech Mycology 56(1-2): 151-162   (published: 12th August, 2004)
  abstract   Fascicles 1-50 of the exsiccatum entitled “Lichenes rariores exsiccati” have been published by Antonín Vězda.

KOKEŠ P., MÜLLER J. (2004): Checklist of downy mildews, rusts and smuts of Moravia and Silesia.   [plant-parasitic fungi, occurrence, regions of the Czech Republic, Peronosporales, Sclerosporales, Urediniomycetes, Ustilaginomycetes]  Czech Mycology 56(1-2): 121-148   (published: 12th August, 2004)
  abstract   This checklist includes 736 taxa of downy mildews, rusts and smuts reported from Moravia and Czech Silesia, Czech Republic. There are 114 species parasiting oncrops and other cultivated plants. The list includes the frequency of occurrence, i. e. commonness or rarity of individual taxa. The work is based on literature data.

Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology - II", Olomouc, Czech Republic, September 5th–6th, 2002.  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 103-149   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   The colloquium was a continuation of a previous scientific meeting that took place in Olomouc in 1999 (Czech Mycology 52: 139-178, 2000). It was organised by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology together with the Institute of Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Palacký University, Olomouc. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: biochemistry, biotechnology and genetics of fungi; phytopathogenic fungi; fungi pathogenic to humans and animals; and mycology of food and mycotoxins. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides five plenary lectures, 20 short communications and 24 posters were presented. In total 42 researchers took part in the colloquium and discussed various topics important for the further direction of experimental mycology. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

NOVÁKOVÁ A., PIŽL V. (2003): Mycoflora in the intestine of Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) and in vermiculture substrates.   [cattle manure, saprotrophic and cellulolytic microfungi, earthworms]  Czech Mycology 55(1-2): 83-102   (published: 23rd July, 2003)
  abstract   Mycoflora of three commercial vermiculture systems based on cattle manure derived sub­ strates and Eisenia andrei earthworms was studied using several isolation methods. A total of 172 taxa of saprotrophic micromycetes were isolated (19 taxa of Zygomycetes, 9 taxa of Ascomycetes and 144 taxa of mitosporic fungi). Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent microfungal species in the intestine of Eisenia andrei. In vermicuture substrates, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus were among species isolated very frequently by the soil dilution method, while Rhizopus stolonifer was estimated as frequent species using the soil washing isolation technique.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., VADKERTIOVÁ R. (2003): The occurrence of yeasts in grass-grown soils.   [yeast community, totalyeast counts, Slovakia, grass-grown soil]  Czech Mycology 54(3-4): 239-247   (published: 23rd May, 2003)
  abstract   One hundred and fifty six yeast strains were isolated from 160 grass-grown soil samples collected in four different localities in Bratislava, Slovakia. The collection of soil took place in March, May, August, and October. Cryptococcus laurentii, C. albidus, Cyst of ilobasidium capitatum, Sporobolomyces salmonicolor, and Trichosporon cutaneum were the most frequently isolated species from the samples taken in the unpolluted localities Rusovce and Dúbravka. These species represented 92.1 % of totalyeast counts found in these soil samples. Cryptococcus laurentii, C. albidus, Cystofilobasidium capitatum, Debaryomyces castellii, and Rhodotorula glutinis were the most frequently isolated species from the samples taken in the polluted localities Polianky and Mlýnská Dolina. These species represented 93.3 % of total yeast counts there . Yeast densities ranged from 400 to 80.000CFU/g soil. We found that yeasts occurred unevenly in soils during the year. The lowest average number of yeasts was found in August and the highest one in May.

DVOŘÁKOVÁ R. (2002): Myxomycetes in Bohemian Karst and Hřebeny Mts.   [Myxomycetes, Bohemian Karst, Hřebeny Mts., Species diversity, Moist chamber culture]  Czech Mycology 53(4): 319-349   (published: 3rd October, 2002)
  abstract   Data on species composition and ecology of Myxomycetes are presented for three National Reserves in the Bohemian Karst and the northern part of Hřebeny Mountains. During a period of three years, all localities were investigated intensively. In addition to field collections, bark of living trees, twigs and dead leaves were cultivated in moist chambers. Specimens from the National Museum in Prague were revised. Ninety-five species of Myxomycetes belonging to 29 genera were registered with certainty, 17 of these new to the Czech Republic. Species descriptions are provided for newly recorded species including microhabitat preferences. Differences between species diversity in the Bohemian Karst and Hřebeny Mts. are discussed as well as the seasonal dynamics of Myxomycetes in Central European conditions.

KHAN M.R., SAHA M.L., ANISUZZAMAN M., SLÁVIKOVÁ E. (2002): Yeasts isolated from the lakes of Dhanmondi and Ramna, Bangladesh.   [yeast community, occurrence, lake water, Bangladesh]  Czech Mycology 53(3): 223-228   (published: 10th January, 2002)
  abstract   The occurrence of yeasts in the water of two lakes located in Dhaka City over a period from September to December 1999 was investigated. The number of yeasts of lake Dhanmondi and Ramna ranged from 9.5X10⁴ to 35X10⁴ and 2.3X10⁴ to 11X10⁴CFU/l, respectively.The isolated yeast strains belonged to 5 species: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Debaryomyces hansenii var. fabryi and C and ida suecica. The maximum number of yeasts was found to be 3 times higher in the water samples of Dhanmondi lake than that of Ramna lake. The higher number of yeasts was correlated with the temperature of the water and with pH values.

DIETRICH W., MÜLLER J. (2001): The rust fungi, smut fungi and downy mildews in the Czech part of Krušné hory (Erzgebirge).   [Krušné hory, Peronosporales, Uredinales, Ustilaginales]  Czech Mycology 53(1): 89-118   (published: 10th June, 2001)
  abstract   In years 1849-2000 it has been found in Czech part of Krušné hory 101 species, subspecies and varieties of Uredinales, 21 of Ustilaginales and 45 of Peronosporales on 229 species of host plants. There are documented host plants, localities, years of findings and collectors. A historical survey of myc of loristical research of these micromycetes is presented. All species has been filed into typical plant formations. Characteristic species for highest mountain sites are enumerated. Statements of literature are compared with actual data. The new hosts in Czech republic are following: for Peronospora myosotidis Myosotis nemorosa, for Coleosporium senecionis and Puccinia silvatica Senecio hercynicus, for Melampsoridium betulinum Betula nana.

Colloquium "Fungi as Model Organisms in Research and Biotechnology", Olomouc, September 14th, 1999.  Czech Mycology 52(2): 139-178   (published: 20th April, 2000)
  abstract   The colloquium was organized by the joint Commission for Experimental Mycology of the Czechoslovak Microbiological Society and the Czech Scientific Society for Mycology. The purpose of the colloquium was to provide a platform for a broad discussion on the use of fungi as model organisms in both basic and applied research. The programme of the colloquium was divided into four parts dealing with the following topics: phytopathology, biotechnology and ecology, physiology and biochemistry, and medical mycology. Each topic was opened with a plenary lecture (30 min.), followed by short communications (10 min.) and accompanied by poster presentations. Besides four plenary lectures, 15 short communications and 21 posters were presented. In total 38 researchers took part in the colloquium, at who discussed various questions of importance for experimental mycology until late in the evening. Abstracts of the contributions are given here.

NASSER L., ABDEL-SATER M.A. (1997): Fungi associated with sheep hairs in Saudi Arabia.   [Keratinophilic, non-keratinophilic fungi, sheep hairs]  Czech Mycology 50(2): 99-106   (published: 16th December, 1997)
  abstract   The frequency of occurrence of fungi in 25 hair samples of nine kinds of sheep, collected from different localities in Saudi Arabia, was estimated using three isolation methods at 28°C. Fortyfive species and one variety representing 23 genera were isolated and the most common genera were Chrysosporium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium. The most prevalent species of the above genera were C. indicum, C. tropicum, Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum and P. oxalicum. Other fungi were also isolated with variable frequencies.

KUNERT J. (1996): Growth and production of extracellular proteases by the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus on various media. I. Media without proteins.   [Aspergillus fumigatus, virulence, extracellular proteases, enzyme induction]  Czech Mycology 49(2): 91-106   (published: 13th October, 1996)
  abstract   A strain of Aspergillus fumigatus was grown on ten nutrient media containing glucose and various (organic and inorganic) sources of nitrogen. Growth of the mycelia, pH of the cultivation fluid, uptake of nutrients and proteolytic activity on haemoglobin at pH 3 and on azocasein at pH 7.5 were assessed. The aim of the study was to find the physiological conditions for the production of extracellular proteases. High activities of alkaline protease(s) were found only when the following three conditions were fulfilled: (a) exhaustion of glucose from the medium, (b) reaching of the maximum mycelium dry weight, (c) rise of the medium pH to at least 7. These three factors are causally related and coincide in time so that they can hardly be evaluated individually. A neutral to alkaline pH is certainly a necessary condition and a steep rise in pH may itself be a sufficient triggering factor for the synthesis of protease(s). The presence of proteins and/or peptides as inducers is probably not quite necessary but is nevertheless strongly stimulating. The activity of acid (aspartic) protease was small to negligible on all media and its production clearly depended only on the pH of the medium (optimum pH 4 to 6).

JESENSKÁ Z. (1995): Cryptococcus neoformans in the environment (a review).   [Cryptococcus neoformans, environment, air, water, birds, soil, food, hospital environment, working environment, methods, media, survival]  Czech Mycology 48(3): 183-198   (published: 22nd December, 1995)
  abstract   The paper reviews the knowledge on the occurrence of Cryptococcus neoformans, the agent of human and animal cryptococcosis, in the environment (avian excreta, soil, air, water, plants, food, working and hospital environment), on the methods of its isolation and on some of its physiological characteristics associated with the survival in vitro.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., VADKERTIOVÁ R. (1995): Yeast population in the water of a polluted fish-pond.   [Yeast population, polluted fish-pond, Slovakia]  Czech Mycology 48(2): 145-154   (published: 25th September, 1995)
  abstract   The present paper reports the results of a qualitative and quantitative investigation of yeast populations isolated from the water of one fish-pond near Bratislava. Quite a number of fish have perished from disease in this pond. Eighteen different yeast species with various cell densities were identified from one hundred and fifteen water samples. Aureobasidium, Sporobolomyces, Trichosporon, Candida and Cryptococcus species occurred most frequently. The yeast populations of autumn and summer samples are compared. The total yeast count was 11 times higher in autumn than in summer. The distribution and densities of Trichosporon cutaneum, Geotrichum candidum, and to a certain degree of some species of the genus Candida, indicate the predominance of yeasts typical of a polluted aquatic environment.

STERNER O., ANKE H. (1995): Toxic terpenoids isolated from higher fungi.   [Terpenoids, toxicity, biological activity, higher fungi, Basidiomycotina]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 39-52   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   A large number of toxic terpenoids have been isolated from cultures and fruit bodies of higher fungi. The chemistry, biological activity and possible natural functions of some of them are discussed in this paper. Especially interesting in this respect are natural defensive compounds that possess for example antibiotic and antifeedant activities and are likely to be toxic. The sesquiterpenoids of the pungent Lactarius species (e.g. L. necator, L. piperatus, L. rufus and L. vellereus) constitute an interesting example of this. In the fruit bodies of these species within seconds after a physical injury, an apparently inactive precursor is converted enzymatically into a range of pungent sesquiterpenes with an unsaturated dialdehyde functionality possessing potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The injury brings the precursor, which is present as an emulsion in the latex of specialised hyphae of the fruit bodies, in contact with the enzyme systems that are kept apart in the intact fruit body. Fruit bodies of non-pungent and edible Lactarius species (e.g. L. deliciosus and L. flavidulus) contain precursors with completely different chemical structures that also are converted as a response to injury, although to products with less striking biological activities and with uncertain function.

KAUFMAN L. (1995): Merits and limitations of immunodiagnostic assays for systemic mycoses.   [Systemic mycoses, immunodiagnostic tests, aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis]  Czech Mycology 48(1): 21-29   (published: 16th May, 1995)
  abstract   The incidence of systemic fungal diseases has increased significantly over the last decade. During that time considerable work has been done on isolating and characterizing new antigens and developing technology. However, few new immunodiagnostic tests for the mycoses have come into routine use. Most of the currently used immunodiagnostic tests are designed to detect antibodies to specific fungal pathogens. These tests, though far from optimal, have proved useful for diagnosing aspergillosis, blastomycosis, candidiasis, histoplasmosis and other mycotic infections mainly in the immunocompetent host. They may, however, exhibit cross-reactivity, and fail to distinguish active form past infection, and colonization from invasive disease. More recently, attention has been devoted to developing antigen detection procedures. While such procedures have been successfully developed for cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis, those for the opportunistic mycoses, i.e. aspergillosis and candidiasis have been generally unsatisfactory. Their insensitivity, resulting from the transient nature of the antigen(s) detected or failure to test for a battery of diagnostic antigens. To overcome these problems, current research has focused on the use of more purified antigens, monoclonal or adsorbed polyclonal antibodies, and the refinement or introduction more sensitive assays. An overview of the immunodiagnostic tests currently used, their value and shortcomings will be presented.

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., VADKERTIOVÁ R. (1993): Ecological studies on yeasts in fish-ponds.  Česká Mykologie 46(3-4): 272-281   (published: 25th August, 1993)
  abstract   Investigations of yeasts isolated from 126 water samples show the occurrence of 16 different species. Two small fish-ponds were sampled twice, in summer and autumn, respectively. The most prevalent species were Aureobasidium pullulans, Sporobolomyces roseus, Hansenula anomala, Hyphopichia burtonii, Leucosporidium scottii, Bullera alba and Candida sp., mainly Candida krusei. The comparison is noted between the yeast population of autumn and summer samples. The total yeast count was 2.5 times higher in autumn than in summer. Isolated yeast strains are characterized by some physiological features.

VOLLEKOVÁ A. (1992): Microscopic and cultural proof of Malassezia furfur in skin scales.  Česká Mykologie 45(4): 164-171   (published: 21st May, 1992)
  abstract   Microscopically (KOH with Parker ink) and semiquantitatively culturally ("ZOT" medium), 750 samples of skin scales from different areas of the body surface of 665 subjects (with or without dermatoses) were investigated for Malassezia furfur. This lipophilic yeast was isolated mostly from the capillitium, face and trunk (72–90% of samples). A total of 81.4% of samples were positive for M. furfur (65.6% microscopically and 73.5% culturally). In 57.7% of cases the yeast was observed by both methods. The average cultural detection was higher in samples with more microscopically visible blastoconidia. The results of M. furfur cultivation were influenced by several factors (e.g., subject preparation, timing of sample inoculation, cultivation conditions).

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A. (1991): The incidence of yeast organisms in the water of the artificial lake in Jakubov (Slovakia).  Česká Mykologie 45(3): 103-111   (published: 31st October, 1991)
  abstract   The present paper reports the results of qualitative and quantitative investigation of yeast populations in freshwater of the lake in Jakubov, located in the middle of the Lowland of Záhorie. One hundred and twenty-eight samples offered the possibility to isolate seventy-three yeast strains belonging to twelve genera. Representatives of the genera Candida, Hansenula, Aureobasidium and Rhodotorula occurred most frequently. The occurrence of yeast species at the beginning of the season was twice as heterogeneous as after it. Isolated yeast strains are characterized by some physiological features.

URBAN Z. (1991): Abstracts of papers delivered at the 8th conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Brno (August 28-September 1. 1989).  Česká Mykologie 45(1-2): 33-53   (published: 15th May, 1991)
  abstract   Abstracts of papers delivered at the 8th conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held in Brno August 28 — September 1,1989)

SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A. (1990): On the occurrence of yeasts in fresh-water of the artificial lake in Plavecký Štvrtok.  Česká Mykologie 44(3): 152-161   (published: 22nd October, 1990)
  abstract   The occurrence of yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the artificial lake at Plavecký Štvrtok (Záhorie Lowland) was studied. Fourteen species were identified from 94 water samples. Most frequent genera included Candida, Hansenula, Aureobasidium, and Rhodotorula. Yeast counts were 3.5 times higher before the tourist season than after. Strains were physiologically characterized.

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P. (1990): Key to histological identification causativeagents in systemic mycoses III.  Česká Mykologie 44(3): 129-139   (published: 22nd October, 1990)
  abstract   Based on authors’ experience and data from literature the key suggests identification of microscopical fungi according to morphology of mycotic elements found in histological sections from human and animal tissues. Part III: Concise information about species and varieties comprising remarks on occurrence and character of diseases in humans and animals, morphology of fungi in tissues and histopathological pictures. Examples include Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum and its teleomorph Ajellomyces capsulatus.

ŘEPOVÁ A. (1989): Soil micromycetes from Czechoslovakia-a list of isolated species with bibliography. III.  Česká Mykologie 44(1): 35-50   (published: 22nd February, 1990)
  abstract   A list of micromycetes (saprophytic, keratinophilic, rhizosphere, nematophagous, ovicidal, dermatophytes, and cellular slime moulds) isolated from various Czechoslovak soils is presented. Records about species distribution in Czechoslovakia and bibliography are included for each micromycete species.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., TOMANOVÁ E. (1989): Yeasts and yeast-like organisms in the fresh-water lake Rudava.  Česká Mykologie 43(4): 227-234   (published: 17th November, 1989)
  abstract   The occurrence of yeasts in the artificial recreational lake Rudava, located in the middle of the Záhorie Lowland, was studied. Twelve different yeast species were identified from sixty water samples, including Candida krusei, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, Geotrichum candidum, Rhodotorula glutinis, Rh. rubra, Hansenula anomala, Aureobasidium pullulans, Cryptococcus albidus var. aerius and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera. Their likely sources include swimmers, sewage, decomposed wood and plants, or animal feed. Some species are potentially pathogenic to humans or animals.

KLÁN J., RULFOVÁ I. (1989): Antibiotic activity of cultures of some saprotrophic basidiomycetous fungi.  Česká Mykologie 43(2): 85-95   (published: 2nd May, 1989)
  abstract   The antibiotic activity against microorganisms Bacillus subtilis, Candida pseudotropicalis, Escherichia coli and Sarcina lutea was tested in 97 species of mycelial cultures (110 strains) from saprotrophic Basidiomycotina, using the diffusion plate method. Activity was found in 55.4% of strains. The study also included rare species previously not tested. Antibiotic activity is evaluated as a biochemical taxonomic feature.

HORÁKOVÁ J., SKALICKÝ V. (1989): Contribution to the ecology of Peronospora violacea Berk.  Česká Mykologie 43(1): 13-29   (published: 6th February, 1989)
  abstract   Peronospora violacea Berk. is an obligate floricolous Peronospora. All floricolous parasitic fungi of the family Peronosporaceae belong to the genus Peronospora Corda, probably to only one evolutional complex; of the foliicolous parasitic species, Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Casp. is their closest relative. It is impossible to distinguish individual microspecies within P. violacea Berk. on the basis of host plants; three new host species were found. The systemic infection of the Knautia species by both indirect and direct methods (replanting, histological proof of mycelium) was demonstrated. The data on oospores were corrected and completed. Basing on the revision of all materials preserved in the Czechoslovak public herbarium collections, a map of distribution of this species in Czechoslovakia was compiled and evaluated. A special chapter is devoted to the problems of nomenclature.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R., WAI YIN MOK (1988): Unusually occurring yeast-like organisms isolated from the equatorial locality in the basin of the river Amazon.  Česká Mykologie 42(3): 170-175   (published: 12th August, 1988)
  abstract   The paper shows the results of identification of unusually occurring yeast-like organisms isolated from the basin of the river Amazon near the equator. In addition to commonly known species of the genus Candida (e.g. C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. parapsilosis), species difficult to classify using standard keys were isolated from soil, human saliva, scalp, skin and amphibian tissues. Candida species comprised 75%, Trichosporon 19.5%, and sporogenic yeasts 5.5% of isolates. Most isolates were saprophytes, but pathogenic potential under specific climatic and physiological conditions cannot be excluded.

KLÁN J., ŘANDA Z., BENADA J., HORYNA J. (1988): Investigation of non-radioactive Rb, Cs, and radiocaesium in higher fungi.  Česká Mykologie 42(3): 158-169   (published: 12th August, 1988)
  abstract   The concentration factors for non-radioactive Rb, Cs, and radiocaesium in the fruit bodies of mushrooms were determined. The difference between the concentration factors of non-radioactive and radioactive Cs from the last fallout was one order of magnitude. No significant differences were found between the concentration factors of stable Rb and Cs for mushrooms and vascular plants. The highest accumulation of radiocaesium was observed in Boletus spp., Laccaria spp., Paxillus involutus, Cortinarius armillatus, and Lactarius rufus. The contribution of older weapon-test fallout and the more recent 1986 Chernobyl fallout could be differentiated by isotopic ratio. The radiation dose from consumption of 10 kg fresh mushrooms did not exceed 20% of the dose from natural background radiation in Czechoslovakia.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., SLÁVIKOVÁ E., KOVAČOVSKÁ R. (1988): Yeasts isolated from fruitbodies of mushrooms of the Lowland of Záhorie (Slovakia).  Česká Mykologie 42(2): 114-121   (published: 10th May, 1988)
  abstract   In 1984 yeasts were isolated from the surface of mushroom fruitbodies collected on the Lowland of Záhorie. Thirty-nine strains were isolated from 95 samples, 24 from fruitbodies and 15 from their environment. Similarities in physiological properties of repeatedly isolated strains from certain genera of forest fungi were studied. The species variability had unequal distribution, but sometimes identical species were found repeatedly on the same host genera.

URBAN Z. (1987): Die tschechoslowakische Mykologie 1981-1985.  Česká Mykologie 41(3): 162-171   (published: 10th August, 1987)

FRAGNER P. (1987): Microscopical diagnostic of onychomycoses.  Česká Mykologie 41(3): 153-161   (published: 10th August, 1987)
  abstract   Microscopical investigation in medical mycology is not less reliable than cultivation. Group classification is also precise enough in microscopical diagnosis of onychomycoses in KOH preparations with Parker ink (Parker Super Quink, blue-black, permanent). Detailed findings as well as distinguishing features in onychomycoses caused by yeasts, Scopulariopsis and dermatophytes are presented, accompanied by photographs.

FRAGNER P., KUNZOVÁ E. (1987): The problem of reliability of microscopic demonstration of yeasts in smears.  Česká Mykologie 41(1): 46-49   (published: 16th February, 1987)
  abstract   Production of milk-clotting enzymes was determined in 55 out of the 91 tested species of Basidiomycetes. The ratio between milk-clotting and proteolytic activity was assayed in 18 species. The most suitable ratio of the two activities was found in Phellinus chrysoloma and Kuehneromyces mutabilis.

FASSATIOVÁ O., KUBÁTOVÁ A., PRÁŠIL K., VÁŇOVÁ M. (1987): Microscopical fungi in archive environment.  Česká Mykologie 41(1): 8-15   (published: 16th February, 1987)
  abstract   One new genus, Amicodisca (typified by Dasyscypha brdensis Vel.) and six new species are described: Albotricha lupini, Ciliolarina corcontica, Cystopezizella cupulincola, Hamatocanthoscypha acericola, Hyaloscypha cupularum, and Orbilia ebuli. One new combination (Phaeohelotium terrestre) is proposed.

HOLUBOVÁ-JECHOVÁ V., CASTAÑEDA RUIZ R.F. (1986): Studies on Hyphomycetes from Cuba III. New and interesting dematiaceous taxa from leaf litter.  Česká Mykologie 40(2): 74-85   (published: 10th May, 1986)
  abstract   A new genus Chlamydopsis is proposed to accomodate a new distinct dematiaceous hyphomyoete C. proliferans occurring on decayed leaves of the Lauraceae. Four new hyphomycetes from different leaf litter found in Cuba are also described and illustrated: Korunomyces zapatensis belonging to such fungi imperfecti producing only multicellular asexual reproductive structures; Garnaudia triseptata being a second species of the genus originally described from Europe; Pithomyces prolatus distinguished by an enormous size of its conidia; Corynespora calophylli being very close to Corynespora litchii originally classified by Matsushima in Teratosperma. Belltrania rhombica O. Penzig and Circinotrichum papatpurae Hughes et Pirozynski are reported here from Cuba for the first time.

FRAGNER P., MIŘEJOVSKÝ P., LUKÁŠOVÁ M. (1985): Stomatomaxillary and rhinoorbital absidiosis.  Česká Mykologie 39(3): 150-154   (published: 1985)
  abstract   Cranial mucormycosis occurred in a 20-year-old man suffering from acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Absidia corymbifera was proved by cultivation of nasal smears. Mycosis was influenced quickly by Amphotericin B administered intravenously in spite of the fatal basic condition. Post mortem Absidia corymbifera was proved by cultivation and histology in gangrenous nasal and paranasal mucosa.

FRAGNER P., SOUKUP K. (1985): Contemporary views on mycotic colpitis.  Česká Mykologie 39(2): 106-118   (published: 1985)
  abstract   During a mycological excursion in 1973 near Sadská (district Nymburk), Inocybe phaeoleuca Kühner was found in large numbers in sandy pine forest. According to mycologist J. Veselský, this was the first reliable record for Czechoslovakia. Description of macroscopic and microscopic features is included.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., RONALDO CONTRERAS O. (1985): Yeast-like organisms isolated form plant material on Cuba.  Česká Mykologie 39(1): 44-50   (published: 1985)
  abstract   In 1981, yeast-like organisms were for the first time studied from plant material in Cuba. From 80 samples, 62 isolates were obtained and categorized into six groups: smut-like organisms, apiculate yeasts, Candida and Torulopsis, Rhodotorula, Aureobasidium, and various others. All isolates grew at 42°C and produced a broad spectrum of hydrolytic enzymes.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., SLÁVIKOVÁ E., BREIEROVÁ E. (1984): Yeasts isolated from fruitbodies of mushrooms of the Lowland of Zahorie.  Česká Mykologie 38(4): 218-229   (published: 1984)
  abstract   Yeasts appearing on the surface of fruitbodies of mushrooms were investigated from five localities of the Lowland of Zahorie in west Slovakia in years 1981 and 1982. 224 fruitbodies were collected and 126 yeast strains isolated. 90 yeasts were identified using shortened method of identification.

Varia.  Česká Mykologie 38(1): 55-57   (published: 1984)

FRAGNER P., MICHÁLKOVÁ B. (1982): Is there a professional hazard of yeast incidence in stomatologic personnel?  Česká Mykologie 36(4): 243-247   (published: 1982)
  abstract   In the oral cavity of stomatological personnel, yeast colonization was found in 46.0% and Candida albicans in 33.0% of individuals — less than in the general population. C. albicans was least frequent in female doctors (24.2%), more frequent in nurses (30.6%), and highest in technicians (45.2%). Nurses with C. albicans had worked an average of 12 years in the field, while those without the yeast had worked 23 years. Interestingly, C. albicans appeared more often in younger individuals, contrary to trends in the general population. The study concludes no professional colonization risk exists.

FRAGNER P., ŠKOPEK J. (1982): Incidence of yeasts in the mouth cavity in person with removable dentures.  Česká Mykologie 36(3): 166-172   (published: 1982)
  abstract   Coprinus laanii Kits van Waveren is described with its cap initially egg-shaped or ellipsoid, later bell-shaped, 5–10 mm high, 3–8 mm wide, and finally nearly flat. Initially white and covered with fine greyish powder, the cap becomes striated and torn at maturity. Gills are white to almost black, narrow, and not crowded. The stem is 10–30 mm long, 1–2 mm thick, white with greyish powder that later falls off. Spores are 10–14 × 7.5–8.5 µm with thick irregular perispore and ornamentation of transverse ridges. The veil is composed mainly of spherical or broadly ellipsoid cells. This fungus was recorded as a new finding in Czechoslovakia.

SEMERDŽIEVA M., WOLF A. (1982): Kernverhältnisse terminaler Zellen von Agrocybe aegerita.  Česká Mykologie 36(3): 160-165   (published: 1982)
  abstract   Yeasts were found in the mouths of 81.4% of persons with removable dentures; Candida albicans (alone or in combination with other yeasts) in 62.9%. Yeast incidence varied from 66% (31–40 years) to 95% (71–80 years). Findings are listed for tongue, teeth, and dentures. In dentures younger than one year, 49% were yeast-negative, while 21% showed massive/abundant yeast presence. In older than 4 years, 25% were negative and 55% positive. Clinical thrush was observed in 1.4%. The study also considered pathological changes under dentures, tongue and tonsil appearance, frequency of denture use, and use of antibiotics, corticoids, and cytostatics.

BENDA J., FRAGNER P. (1982): Problems of chronic candida tonsillitis in children.  Česká Mykologie 36(2): 122-127   (published: 1982)
  abstract   In a study of children, Candida albicans was found in 42.7% of oral swabs. Chronic tonsillitis due to yeasts occurred in 3%. Tonsillectomy is considered optimal treatment.

KAUSAR T., ŠAŠEK V., MUSÍLEK V. (1982): Physiological aspects of antibiotic formation in the pyrenomycete Melanconis flavovirens. I. Role of inoculum.  Česká Mykologie 36(2): 118-121   (published: 1982)
  abstract   Chronic Candida tonsillitides (caused always by Candida albicans) appeared in our group in 3% of examined children. The clinical picture was polymorphous: sometimes slight furs were observed on the tonsils, sometimes C. albicans was found in the crypts, often without plugs and conspicuous symptoms. Tonsillectomy was considered the most suitable therapeutic solution. Diagnosis could not be made without mycological examination including quantitative and qualitative assessment of the germs. Control was carried out by lingual smears. Yeasts were found in 54.7% of children, C. albicans in 42.7%.

ŠUTARA J. (1982): Nomenclatural problems concerning the generic name Krombholziella R. Maire.  Česká Mykologie 36(2): 77-84   (published: 1982)
  abstract   The morphologically heterogeneous section Lilacinae Heim, designated by Moser (1967 and 1978) as group Obscuri, is here divided into two new subsections based on the presence or absence of caulocystidia at the apex of the stipe. The subsection Caulocystidiatae subsect. nov. includes species: Inocybe squarrosa, I. obscuroides, I. pusio, and I. cincinnatula. The subsection Caulo-acystidiatae subsect. nov. includes species: I. ochraceo-violascens (= ? I. personata), I. griseo-lilacina, I. cincinnata, and I. obscura.

FRAGNER P., PREISLER M. (1982): Incidence of yeasts in the mouth cavity of patients with parodontopathias.  Česká Mykologie 36(1): 52-56   (published: 1982)
  abstract   In patients suffering from some parodontopathies and diseases of the mouth cavity mucosa (most frequently parodontitis and gingivitis), yeasts were found in the mouth (on the tongue, teeth or gingivae) in 43.8% of cases, Candida albicans in 29.2% individuals. These percentages are strikingly lower than in the healthy population. Abundant or massive yeast findings (including Candida albicans) appeared only in parodontitis. The gingivae can sometimes be a wholly independent, isolated source. All yeast findings are given both qualitatively and quantitatively.

FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J. (1981): Yeasts flora of the tonsills.  Česká Mykologie 35(4): 227-233   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Yeasts (including Candida albicans) in the mouth cavity (on the tongue and/or on the tonsills) were found in 60.0% individuals, Candida albicans (alone or in combination with other yeasts) in 43.5% individuals. In most cases the yeast flora of the tonsills was identical with that of the tongue, only in 5.8% it was species different. Tonsills as a probable yeast source (judging from a larger number of germs or different species than that on the tongue) were found in 6.8% individuals. Possible connections between yeast incidence and clinical picture of the tonsills and tongue, general health condition, administration of antibiotics and several other circumstances were followed.

HUBÁLEK Z. (1981): A systematic survey of dimorphic and polymorphic fungi.  Česká Mykologie 35(4): 209-226   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Various definitions of the term dimorphism in fungi are briefly discussed and a general concept is given with a suggested morphological classification of the dimorphism. Dimorphism (and polymorphism) is delimited as an environmentally controlled reversible phenotypic duality (or plurality in the case of polymorphism) in the morphogenesis of the vegetative fungal cells, which is not restricted to pathogenic species and to the mycelial-yeast transitions only. A systematic list and an alphabetical index of the fungi exhibiting the phenomena of cellular dimorphism or polymorphism are presented.

FRAGNER P. (1981): Further experience with Castellani’s „Water cultures“.  Česká Mykologie 35(3): 161-164   (published: 1981)
  abstract   Microscopic fungi survive in sterile, distilled water at laboratory temperature for various lengths of time, from less than 11 months (Kloeckera apiculata) to more than 11 years (Sporothrix schenckii). The survival times of some species as well as their spontaneous variability are given. Castellani’s “water cultures” are only an emergency solution for maintaining live collections. Some yeast species which are morphologically or biochemically similar have also similar survival times in water.

FRAGNER P., ŠIMKOVÁ M. (1980): Yeasts in children.  Česká Mykologie 34(2): 82-91   (published: 1980)
  abstract   Altogether 400 children in the age of 0–8 years, hospitalized because of various diseases, were examined. Yeasts were demonstrated in 58.3% children in the tongue, buccal mucosa, tonsils or rectal swabs. Lists of the species found at different localizations are given. Candida albicans (alone or in combination with other yeasts) was found in altogether 47.5% patients; on the tongue in 41.8%, on the buccal mucosa in 38.3%, on the tonsils in 50.8% and in the rectum in 20.3%. With respect to the findings of C. albicans in rectal swabs there exists a rule that C. albicans is nearly always present in the mouth as well. Mouth findings need not be accompanied by findings in the rectum. Clinical picture of soor in the mouth cavity was observed in 1.5% children only. Possible connections between the incidence of yeasts and various clinical changes were followed. Especially important are the findings of yeasts in connection with the general health condition of the children: in the group with abundant and massive C. albicans findings most children are in poor health condition, on the other hand least of them are in good health state; in the group of children with negative mycological findings the situation is reversed. Likewise, a connection is observed between yeast presence and repeated or long-term hospitalization: children with positive mycological findings are more frequently repeatedly or long-term hospitalized than those with negative findings. In the group of children with negative or incidental findings, the highest number had not been ill so far. A possible correlation is also seen between the yeast occurrence and the administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics; however, one must not forget that such antibiotics are usually given to patients in poor health.

FRAGNER P., HEJZLAR J., RUBEŠ M. (1979): Otomycoses and mycoflora of otitides.  Česká Mykologie 33(4): 229-236   (published: 1979)
  abstract   With one third of the patients suffering from otitis there occur microscopic fungi in the ear swabs, but they can be considered agents of the disease in approximately one half of the positive findings only. During the last 15 years, fungi were cultivated from the ear swabs of 472 patients with various ear diseases, mostly otitis externa. The most frequent yeasts in otomycoses were Candida parapsilosis and C. albicans, while the most frequent Aspergillus species were A. fumigatus, A. flavus, and A. niger. Clinical pictures and treatment of some external otitides are briefly mentioned.

SVRČEK M. (1979): Fungi in Hungaria Mense Septembri 1978 lecti.  Česká Mykologie 33(3): 150-158   (published: 1979)
  abstract   102 species of fungi were collected in Hungary by the author during excursions at the time of the VII Congress of European Mycologists, Budapest 1978. The species collected belong to the following groups: Myxomycetes 8, Pyrenomycetes 18, Discomycetes 33, Teliomycetes 5, Hymenomycetes 21, Gasteromycetes 3, Coelomycetes 3, Hyphomycetes 11. All fungi were collected by the author, some by MUDr. Georgius Kubická. The dried specimens are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of the National Museum in Prague.

HOLUBOVÁ-JECHOVÁ V. (1979): Lignicolous and some other saprophytic Hyphomycetes from Hungary.  Česká Mykologie 33(3): 138-149   (published: 1979)
  abstract   Fifty nine species or varieties of lignicolous and other saprophytic Hyphomycetes belonging to 41 genera are recorded from Hungary. The majority of them are common species, occurring in Europe, however, previously unreported from Hungary. Some of rare and infrequent lignicolous Hyphomycetes were also collected.

HUBÁLEK Z., ROSICKÝ B., OTČENÁŠEK M. (1979): Fungi on the hair of small wild mammals in Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia.  Česká Mykologie 33(2): 81-93   (published: 1979)
  abstract   A new record of dry rot fungus Serpula lacrimans (Wulf. ex Fr.) Schroet. on the trunk bases of two living trees of Norway Spruce Picea abies (L.) Karst. in the Botanical Garden in Průhonice near Prague is described. Differences between Serpula lacrimans and Serpula himantioides (Fr. ex Fr.) Karst. and the phytopathological significance of the new record are discussed.

Varia.  Česká Mykologie 33(1): 60-61   (published: 1979)

FRAGNER P. (1978): Yeasts in human material in our country and their differentiation. Part III.  Česká Mykologie 32(3): 144-156   (published: 1978)
  abstract   A diagnostic system for the determination of yeasts occurring in human material in our territory is presented. The first part (I) (Ces. Mykol. 32 (1): 32–42, 1978) contained the following paragraphs: Introduction, Material and Methods, Laboratory Studies and Nutrient Media, Survey of the Species, Incidence and Distribution, Key. The second part (II) (Ces. Mykol. 32 (3): 129–143, 1978) contained a detailed characteristics of several species of the genus Candida Berkhout. This part, the third of the series (Part III), contains a characteristics of several species of the genera Cryptococcus Kutzing emend. Vuillemin, Geotrichum Link ex Pers., Kloeckera Janke, Kluyveromyces van der Walt, Rhodotorula Harrison, Saccharomyces (Meyen) Reess and Sporobolomyces Kluyver et van Niel. The descriptions are based on the culture forms occurring in our country. Macroscopic and microscopic appearance, auxanograms, zymograms, growth at 37 °C, data on the pathogenicity for humans and animals as well as these on the origin of the cultures, etc. are given.

Abstracts of papers delivered at the 6th Conference of Czechoslovak mycologists held at Pezinok, 19.-23. September 1977.  Česká Mykologie 32(2): 99-122   (published: 1978)
  abstract   Tradice mezinárodních mykologických kongresů není stará. První byl v roce 1971 v anglickém Exeteru. K vrcholným vědeckým setkáním tohoto typu nelze přiřazovat již delší dobu pořádané Sjezdy evropských mykologů. Druhý mezinárodní mykologický kongres se konal ve dnech 27. VIII. až 3. IX. 1977 v prostorách University of South Florida v Tampě. Zúčastnilo se ho více než 1200 specialistů ze 43 zemí.

PRÁŠIL K., ŠAŠEK V. (1977): Antibiotic activity of some Pyrenomycetes.  Česká Mykologie 31(1): 1-7   (published: 1st March, 1977)
  abstract   A set of cultures of stromatic lignicolous Pyrenomycetes was screened for antibiotic activity. From a total of 25 species (36 strains), the antibiotic activity was detected in 9 species. The most active species were Diaporthe impulsa, D. pustulata, Hypoxylon multiforme, Hypoxylon sp. and Valseutypella tristicha. However, the antibiotic activity lowered down in the course of re-inoculation, especially when the cultures were transferred into the submerged conditions. According to this finding, more appropriate test would be the direct screening of the submerged cultures.

MINÁRIK E. (1975): RNDr. Anna Kocková-Kratochvílová, DrSc., sexaginta ad salutem.  Česká Mykologie 29(4): 229-236   (published: 1975)

KUBIČKA J. (1975): Doctor rerum naturalium et scientiarum biologicarum candidatus Mirko Svrček quinquagintagenarius.  Česká Mykologie 29(4): 219-228   (published: 1975)

MUSÍLKOVÁ M., MUSÍLEK V., ŠAŠEK V. (1975): Release of yeast spheroplasts by an enzyme complex from Lycoperdon perlatum Pers. ex Pers.  Česká Mykologie 29(3): 153-156   (published: 1975)
  abstract   Fruit bodies of some Basidiomycetes, e.g. Lycoperdon periatum, contain enzymes capable of destroying cell walls of yeasts and filamentous fungi, thereby releasing spheroplasts. A lyophilized enzyme preparation from L. periatum remained active over long storage in cold. The study elaborates on the potential of lytic enzyme complexes from higher fungi for degrading the cell walls of viable yeast cells.

Summa actionum, quae in Quinto Consilio Mycologorum Cechoslovacorum in urbe Olomouc 25.-27.septembri 1973 traditae sunt.  Česká Mykologie 28(2): 104-126   (published: 1974)

FRAGNER P., HEROLD K. (1971): Candida-Paronychien und Candida-Onychomykosen. Auftreten, Mykologie und Therapie.  Česká Mykologie 25(1): 47-54   (published: 28th January, 1971)
  abstract   A study of 45 patients with Candida paronychia and onychomycosis explored disease occurrence, etiology, and therapy. The authors examined mycological findings and evaluated treatment methods. Questions addressed include influences of age, duration of disease, causative agents, and recurrence.

FRAGNER P. (1970): Spannweite der Art Trichosporon cutaneum.  Česká Mykologie 24(3): 153-161   (published: 20th July, 1970)
  abstract   Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics, ability to grow at 37°C, arbutin cleavage, starch reaction on Aschner’s medium, and sugar assimilation were studied in Trichosporon cutaneum. Great variability was found among strains. The author proposes treating T. infestans and T. jirovecii as varieties of T. cutaneum.

FRAGNER P. (1969): Die Möglichkeiten der mikroskopischen Unterscheidung von Scopulariopsis brevicaulis und Dermatophyten in den Nägeln bei Onychomykosen.  Česká Mykologie 23(1): 45-49   (published: 1969)
  abstract   In Parker ink-stained preparations from scales of affected nails in cases of onychomycosis, it is sometimes possible to microscopically distinguish Scopulariopsis brevicaulis (Sacc.) Bainier from Trichophyton rubrum (Cast.) Sabouraud and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (Robin) Blanchard var. interdigitale Priestley.

Litterae (reviews).  Česká Mykologie 22(2): 113   (published: 1968)

FRAGNER P., MAŇÁK J. (1968): Absidia corymbifera in der trepanationshöle nach tympanoplastischer Operation.  Česká Mykologie 22(1): 68-76   (published: 1968)
  abstract   A case of mycosis in a trepanation cavity after tympanoplasty is described. The causative agent was Absidia corymbifera, a Mucoraceae member not previously reported in Czech or international medical literature in such a case. Treatment included Amphotericin B infusion and local application, resulting in cure after 8 years of symptoms.

ŠAŠEK V., MUSÍLEK V. (1968): Antibiotic activity of mycorrhizal Basidiomycetes and their relation to thehost-plant parasites.  Česká Mykologie 22(1): 50-55   (published: 1968)
  abstract   35 strains (17 species) of mycorrhizal Basidiomycetes were cultured with Pinus silvestris seedlings. The fungi showed only slight antibiotic activity, which did not increase with seedling presence. In 12% of tests, growth of parasitic fungi was inhibited. Rhizoctonia solani was the most inhibited species.

FRÁGNER P., MÚČKA V. (1966): Rubronigrin, new antibiotic substance from Trichophyton rubrum var. nigricans.  Česká Mykologie 20(3): 182-183   (published: 1966)
  abstract   Black-pigmented cultures of Trichophyton rubrum var. nigricans produce an antibiotic called rubronigrin. Effective extraction and purification methods are described. The substance is effective against a broad range of fungi including Cryptococcus, Candida, Aspergillus, Mucor, and others.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A., PETROVOVÁ T., ŠANDULA J., HRONSKÁ L. (1964): Ein Beitrag zur Ökologie der hefeartigen Mikroorganismen. Die hefeartigen Mikroorganismen auf der Oberfläche der höheren Pilze aus dem Urwald von Dobroč.  Česká Mykologie 18(2): 91-98   (published: 16th April, 1964)
  abstract   Yeast-like microorganisms were isolated from fruiting bodies of higher fungi in the Dobroč virgin forest. Among 70 strains, only three genera were found: Candida, Torulopsis, and Trichosporon. Relationships between strains were studied not only with standard methods, but also serologically and by calculating percentage similarity.

KOCKOVÁ-KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ A. (1964): Beitrag zur Ökologie der hefeartigen Mikroorganismen aus Pflanzenblüten.  Česká Mykologie 18(1): 29-35   (published: 25th January, 1964)
  abstract   A total of 213 yeast-like microorganisms were isolated from flower samples representing 25 species. These isolates formed 35.6% of all tested samples. The study used simplified identification methods based on fermentation types and showed correlations between plant families and microbial presence. Most yeast species found were non-spore forming.

ŠMARDA F. (1964): Beitrag zur mykozönologischen Charasteristik des pannonischen Gebietes in der Umgebung von Brno.  Česká Mykologie 18(1): 7-15   (published: 25th January, 1964)
  abstract   The formation and development of plant and fungal communities in the hills near Brno are primarily influenced by microclimatic conditions. The paper describes communities on Horka Hill with different combinations of phanerogams and higher fungi, shaped by exposure and vegetation structure. The study shows how distinct microclimates lead to specific combinations of fungal species, complementing phytocenological characterization of vegetation.

KREISEL H. (1963): Ergänzungen und kritische Bemerkungen zur „Flora ČSR-Gasteromycetes“.  Česká Mykologie 17(4): 203-206   (published: 18th October, 1963)

KRÁLOVÁ-KŘÍSOVÁ M. (1962): Yeastlike micro-organism in milk and some liquid milk products.  Česká Mykologie 16(4): 237-244   (published: 15th October, 1962)

FRÁGNER P. (1961): Cryptococcus Kützing emen. Vuillemin (Monographia generis).  Česká Mykologie 15(2): 107-123   (published: 20th April, 1961)

KŘÍŽ K., SVRČEK M., ŠMARDA F. (1961): Pilzausstellung in Brünn 1960.  Česká Mykologie 15(1): 13-26   (published: 20th January, 1961)

PILÁT A. (1960): Cyphella friesii Crouan in Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 14(4): 241-244   (published: 20th October, 1960)

ŠMARDA F. (1960): Mykoflora der Pflanzengesellschaften des Hügels Čebínka bei Brünn.  Česká Mykologie 14(4): 222-228   (published: 20th October, 1960)

SVRČEK M. (1960): Eine mykofloristische Skizze der Umgebung von Karlštejn (Karlstein) im Mittelböhmen.  Česká Mykologie 14(2): 67-86   (published: 20th April, 1960)

FRÁGNER P. (1960): Mykoflora des Flaschenbiers.  Česká Mykologie 14(1): 52-59   (published: 20th January, 1960)

FRÁGNER P. (1959): Zur Mykoflora des Flaschenbiers.  Česká Mykologie 13(4): 227-233   (published: 20th October, 1959)

Literatura.  Česká Mykologie 13(3): 188-192   (published: 20th July, 1959)

HEJTMÁNEK M., DADÁK V. (1959): Antimykotische Wirkung der Quecke (Agropyrum repens (L.) P. Beauv.).  Česká Mykologie 13(3): 183-188   (published: 20th July, 1959)

FRÁGNER P. (1959): Pathogene Hefen in der Milchindustrie.  Česká Mykologie 13(3): 160-163   (published: 20th July, 1959)

FRÁGNER P. (1959): Ein Beitrag zur Mykoflora des Ohrenganges.  Česká Mykologie 13(2): 119-124   (published: 20th April, 1959)

FRÁGNER P. (1957): Varietas alba Rhodotorulae mucilaginisae (Jörg.) Harrison.  Česká Mykologie 11(4): 211-214   (published: 20th October, 1957)

HORNÍČEK E. (1957): Synonymia specierum nonnullarum Velenovskýi generis Tricholoma.  Česká Mykologie 11(2): 127-128   (published: 19th April, 1957)

FRÁGNER P. (1957): Ad Blastomycetis dermatitidis Gilchrist et Stokes 1898 res problematicas additamentum et inventum culturae similis in Bohemia.  Česká Mykologie 11(1): 21-30   (published: 10th February, 1957)

Drobné zprávy (varia)  Česká Mykologie 9(4): 192   (published: 17th November, 1955)

KOTLABA F. (1955): Lokalita vzácných teplomilných břichatek (Gasteromycetes) „Pasienok“ u Vel. Levár.  Česká Mykologie 9(4): 189-192   (published: 17th November, 1955)

Literatura.  Česká Mykologie 9(3): 144   (published: 26th August, 1955)

ŠEBEK S. (1955): Příspěvek k teratologii břichatkovitých hub.  Česká Mykologie 9(3): 132-134   (published: 26th August, 1955)

HERINK J. (1955): Červenolupen zelenavý - Rhodophyllus viridulus nom. nov.  Česká Mykologie 9(1): 5-9   (published: 26th February, 1955)

URBAN Z. (1955): Křemenáč - Krombholzia aurantiaca (Roques) Gilb. jako příklad pojetí druhu u masitých hub.  Česká Mykologie 9(1): 1-5   (published: 26th February, 1955)

KOTLABA F. (1954): Další nové lokality Secotium agaricoides (Czern.) Holl. v ČSR a jeho rozšíření u nás.  Česká Mykologie 8(4): 151-153   (published: 20th November, 1954)

Literatura.  Česká Mykologie 8(3): 144   (published: 27th August, 1954)

STANĚK V.J. (1954): Hvězdovka Pouzarova - Geastrum pouzari sp. n. - nová břichatkovitá houba nalezená v ČSR.  Česká Mykologie 8(3): 100-107   (published: 27th August, 1954)

HERINK J., SVRČEK M. (1953): K padesátinám Dr. Alberta Piláta.  Česká Mykologie 7(4): 145-162   (published: 16th November, 1953)

CEJP K. (1952): Ruská a sovětská mykologie III.  Česká Mykologie 6(8-10): 152-156   (published: 15th November, 1952)

ŠMARDA J. (1952): Montagnites Candollei Fr. na Moravě.  Česká Mykologie 6(1-2): 11-20   (published: 15th February, 1952)

HERINK J. (1952): Křemenáče, červené druhy kozáků (Krombholzia), (Krombholzia aurantiaca [Bull. ex Roq.] Gilb. et K. rufescens [Secr. Ex Konr.] Sing.  Česká Mykologie 6(1-2): 1-11   (published: 15th February, 1952)

MELNIKOV E. (1950): K otázce pěstování čirůvky fialové (Tricholoma nudum Bull.) a ještě některých lesních hub.  Česká Mykologie 4(6-7): 108-110   (published: 15th August, 1950)

MACKŮ J. (1950): Nové konservační způsoby hub.  Česká Mykologie 4(1-2): 23-25   (published: 15th February, 1950)

CEJP K. (1949): Houbová antibiotika II.  Česká Mykologie 3(1-2): 6-11   (published: 15th February, 1949)

CEJP K. (1947): Houbová antibiotika I.  Česká Mykologie 1(4): 105-110   (published: 15th December, 1947)

Back to "CANDIDA" (Index view)



-----------------
job done in 0.5652 sec.