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BATRACHOCHYTRIUM|salamandrivorans":
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HAŇÁČKOVÁ Z., HRABĚTOVÁ M., ZÍBAROVÁ L., ŠAFRÁNKOVÁ I., SEDLÁŘOVÁ M., BERGOVÁ E., DUMALASOVÁ V., HANZALOVÁ A., LORENC F., PALICOVÁ J., NOVOTNÝ D., SVOBODOVÁ I., ŠANDOVÁ M., ZAHRADNÍK D., ČERNÝ K. (2026): Alien fungi and oomycetes in the Czech Republic. [biological invasions, framework of fungal invasions, neofunga, neomycetes, plant parasites, soil ecology, trading.] Czech Mycology 78(1): 69-108 (published: 22nd May, 2026) Electronic supplement
abstract
Although transfers and invasions of alien fungi and oomycetes to new environments have ecological and economic impacts comparable to those of plants and animals, their importance has so far been underestimated. Here, we compile accessible records of alien species from these two groups. Extensive research of data across literature, on-line databases, herbaria, and institutional and personal collections has resulted in the first list of alien and cryptogenic fungi and oomycetes for the present-day area of the Czech Republic. A total number of 352 alien taxa recorded in the period 1813–2022 includes 38 archaeomycetes (i.e. species introduced into Europe before 1492), 310 neomycetes, and 4 unranked species. The highest proportion of alien fungi and oomycetes originated from North America, Europe, and temperate Asia. From the taxonomic point of view, ascomycetes represent the highest proportion of alien species, while at the class level, Peronosporomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Leotiomycetes, Pucciniomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Agaricomycetes are the most frequent. Plant parasites prevail, whereas saprotrophic fungi are less numerous and other ecological groups are rare: six mycorrhizal fungi and two wild animal parasite species have been recorded in the Czech Republic. An assessment of potential risk indicated that numerous species impact (in order of frequency) horticulture, agriculture, and forestry. We identified 56 casually introduced species, 156 naturalised taxa, and 72 invasive species. Significant ecosystem damage may be expected for 36 introduced species, six of which can be classified as transformers. Five species were classified as eradicated. The terminology used in invasive plant and animal biology was adopted, with minor modifications to reflect the specificity of fungi and oomycetes. Natural and geopolitical conditions are discussed and taken into account in the proposed general scheme of invasions of fungi and oomycetes representing an integral part of neobiota and sharing invasion principles and rules with alien macroorganisms.
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